The Analysis of Peasant Household's Credit Behavior

AbstractPeasant household's credit behavior not only affect the financial ability of the peasant household, but also influence the credit decisions of the rural financial institution, consequently impact on the development of the Chinese rural economic and the peasant household economic. This paper, based on the credit behavior of peasant household in the process of the Chinese rural economic development11Peasant household's credit behavior is the credit behavior under the comprehensive influence of the repayment capacity and willingness, in which repayment capacity is the key element., analysis the credit behavior game in rural credit and loan process between peasant households and rural financial institution, and the game among peasant households in rural joint warrant process. Finally, provides methods to improve the credit behavior of peasant household in credit game

Identification of a Novel Genomic Island Conferring Resistance to Multiple Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Campylobacter coli

Historically, the incidence of gentamicin resistance in Campylobacter has been very low, but recent studies reported a high prevalence of gentamicin-resistant Campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals in China. The reason for the high prevalence was unknown and was addressed in this study. PCR screening identified aminoglycoside resistance genes aphA-3 and aphA-7 and the aadE–sat4–aphA-3 cluster among 41 Campylobacter isolates from broiler chickens. Importantly, a novel genomic island carrying multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes was identified in 26 aminoglycoside resistant Campylobacter coli strains. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic island was inserted between cadF and COO1582 on the C. coli chromosome and consists of 14 open reading frames (ORFs), including 6 genes (the aadE–sat4–aphA-3 cluster, aacA-aphD, aac, and aadE) encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing indicated that the C. coli isolates carrying this unique genomic island were clonal, and the clone of PFGE subtype III and sequence type (ST) 1625 was particularly predominant among the C. coli isolates examined, suggesting that clonal expansion may be involved in dissemination of this resistance island. Additionally, we were able to transfer this genomic island from C. coli to a Campylobacter jejuni strain using natural transformation under laboratory conditions, and the transfer resulted in a drastic increase in aminoglycoside resistance in the recipient strain. These findings identify a previously undescribed genomic island that confers resistance to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics. Since aminoglycoside antibiotics are used for treating occasional systemic infections caused by Campylobacter, the emergence and spread of this antibiotic resistance genomic island represent a potential concern for public health

Study on optimization of nano-coatings for ultra-sensitive biosensors based on long-period fiber grating

Bio-chemical sensors are expected to offer high sensitivity and specificity towards the detection of an analyte. It has been found that optical sensors based on long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) meet most of these requirements, particularly when coated with thin and high-refractive index overlays with proper bio-functionalization. In this paper, the influence of properties of the overlay material on the sensitivity of LPFG sensors to bio-analytes is analyzed. It has been observed that the sensitivity of a particular cladding mode of LPFG can be changed drastically with the adhesion of few tens of ‘nm’ of bio-layers to the surface of LPFG. “Volume refractive index sensitivity” and “add-layer sensitivity” of a particular cladding mode, dynamic range, and limit of detection of the sensors have been investigated in the context of overlay materials, bio-functionalization steps, and surrounding buffer medium. The selection criteria of the thin-film deposition technique are discussed with the aim of designing highly sensitive sensors for biological and chemical applications. Concept of optimum overlay thickness has been redefined and an effective case-specific design methodology is proposed

NudC L279P Mutation Destabilizes Filamin A by Inhibiting the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway and Suppresses Cell Migration

Filamin A, the first discovered non-muscle actin filament cross-linking protein, plays a crucial role in regulating cell migration that participates in diverse cellular and developmental processes. However, the regulatory mechanism of filamin A stability remains unclear. Here, we find that nuclear distribution gene C (NudC), a cochaperone of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), is required to stabilize filamin A in mammalian cells. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and western blotting analyses reveal that NudC interacts with filamin A. Overexpression of human NudC-L279P (an evolutionarily conserved mutation in NudC that impairs its chaperone activity) not only decreases the protein level of filamin A but also results in actin disorganization and the suppression of cell migration. Ectopic expression of filamin A is able to reverse these defects induced by the overexpression of NudC-L279P. Furthermore, Hsp90 forms a complex with filamin A. The inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity by either geldanamycin or radicicol decreases the protein stability of filamin A. In addition, ectopic expression of Hsp90 efficiently restores NudC-L279P overexpression-induced protein stability and functional defects of filamin A. Taken together, these data suggest NudC L279P mutation destabilizes filamin A by inhibiting the Hsp90 chaperoning pathway and suppresses cell migration

Comparison of whole-body vibration training and quadriceps strength training on physical function and neuromuscular function of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A randomised clinical trial

Background/Objective: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the leading causes of global disability, which causes knee pain, stiffness and swelling. Impaired neuromuscular function may cause joint instability, alignment changes and knee stress, which leads to the progression of KOA. Whole-body vibration (WBV) training is considered to improve pain and functional mobility effectively. However, few studies have investigated the therapeutic effect of WBV on neuromuscular function in KOA. Methods: A single-blinded, randomised, controlled trial was performed on 81 participants diagnosed with KOA. The participants were randomised into three groups: (1) WBV group, in which participants performed strength training (ST) with vibration exposure for 8 weeks; (2) ST group, in which participants performed ST without vibration for 8 weeks; and (3) health education (HE) group, in which participants received a HE for 8 weeks. The visual analogue scale for knee pain, isokinetic muscle strength test, proprioception test, Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 6-min Walk Distance test (6MWD) were performed before and after the interventions. Results: No significant difference was found on pain, proprioception, TUG and 6MWD. A significant interaction effect was found in isokinetic muscle strength between groups. Further analysis showed that compared with the HE group, the WBV group exhibited significantly greater improvement in isokinetic muscle strength (peak torque [PT] of extensors, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.11–0.33 Nm/kg; PT of flexors, p = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.02–0.19 Nm/kg; peak work [PW] of extensors, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.12–0.75 W/kg). In addition, compared with the ST group, the muscle strength of the WBV group (PT of extensors, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.10–0.32 Nm/kg; PW of extensors, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.09–0.71 W/kg) improved significantly. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that adding WBV training to ST might benefit muscle strength around the knee joint in patients with KOA

Programmable Parallel Optical Logic Gates on a Multimode Waveguide Engine

Optical logic gates have been proposed and demonstrated on a function programmable waveguide engine constructed using buried silicon nitride waveguides in polymer and a set of thermal electrodes. The device can perform logic AND or OR operations for the input signals A and B, each containing two bits of information, in parallel. The input signals, in the form of binary current values in the electronic domain, are applied to a subset of thermal electrodes, while the computed logic states are converted to optical intensity variations at the single-mode waveguide outputs. The rest of the electrodes work as weights to define the device function, either AND or OR, by adjusting the light interference in the multimode waveguide through thermo-optic effect. Simulations were first performed to reveal the nonlinear response of the received light intensity with respect to the applied current, thus allowing complex and effective manipulation of the light field on the waveguide engine. After chip fabrication and system integration, 65,536 experiments were performed automatically. The data are fed into a sorting program to find the valid settings that satisfy the respective truth table out of the 283,852,800 possible input/weight/output combinations. Four cases of operations for the AND and OR gates are presented in the end, with different bar and contrast values. This simple, low-cost yet powerful engine may be further developed for applications in on-chip photonic computing and signal switching

Programmable Parallel Optical Logic Gates on a Multimode Waveguide Engine

Optical logic gates have been proposed and demonstrated on a function programmable waveguide engine constructed using buried silicon nitride waveguides in polymer and a set of thermal electrodes. The device can perform logic AND or OR operations for the input signals A and B, each containing two bits of information, in parallel. The input signals, in the form of binary current values in the electronic domain, are applied to a subset of thermal electrodes, while the computed logic states are converted to optical intensity variations at the single-mode waveguide outputs. The rest of the electrodes work as weights to define the device function, either AND or OR, by adjusting the light interference in the multimode waveguide through thermo-optic effect. Simulations were first performed to reveal the nonlinear response of the received light intensity with respect to the applied current, thus allowing complex and effective manipulation of the light field on the waveguide engine. After chip fabrication and system integration, 65,536 experiments were performed automatically. The data are fed into a sorting program to find the valid settings that satisfy the respective truth table out of the 283,852,800 possible input/weight/output combinations. Four cases of operations for the AND and OR gates are presented in the end, with different bar and contrast values. This simple, low-cost yet powerful engine may be further developed for applications in on-chip photonic computing and signal switching

Identification of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family Genes and Expression Patterns in Response to Drought Stress in Pinusmassoniana

Pinus massoniana Lamb. is found in 17 Chinese provinces and is an important timber tree species in southern China. The current seasonal drought climate is becoming increasingly severe, threatening P. massoniana growth and limiting the development of the P. massoniana industry. Plant growth, development, and stress were all regulated by AP2/ERF. We identified 124 AP2/ERF transcription factor family members in this study and discovered that all the genes had their own conserved structural domains and that PmAP2/ERFs were divided into 12 subfamilies with high conservation and similarity in gene structure and evolutionary level. Nine PmAP2/ERF genes were constitutively expressed under drought treatment, and it was hypothesized that the PmAP2/ERF96 gene negatively regulated drought stress, PmAP2/ERF46 and PmAP2/ERF49 genes showed a positive or negative response to drought in different tissues, while the remaining six genes were positively regulated. The PmAP2/ERF genes responded to drought stress following treatment with the exogenous hormones SA, ABA, and MeJA, but the expression patterns differed, with each gene responding to at least one exogenous hormone to induce up-regulation of expression under drought stress, with PmAP2/ERF11, PmAP2/ERF44, PmAP2/ERF77, and PmAP2/ERF80 genes significantly induced by three hormones. The genes mentioned above may be involved in hormone signaling pathways in response to drought stress. The results indicate that the PmAP2/ERF genes may positively or negatively regulate the corresponding signaling pathways in P. massoniana to improve drought resistance