Proportions of predominant bacterial phyla in morel-grown soil.

<p>Proportions of predominant bacterial phyla in morel-grown soil.</p

Effects of element complexes containing Fe, Zn and Mn on artificial morel’s biological characteristics and soil bacterial community structures

<div><p>This study described the effects of elements (including Fe, Zn, Mn and their complexes) on the following factors in artificial morel cultivation: the characteristics of mycelia and sclerotia, soil bacterial community structures, yields and contents of microelements. The results indicated that the groups containing Mn significantly promoted mycelia growth rates, and all the experimental groups resulted in higher yields than the control (P<0.01), although their mycelia and sclerotia did not show obvious differences. It was also found that <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Chloroflexi</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>Acidobacteria</i> and <i>Nitrospirae</i> were the dominated bacterial phyla. The Zn·Fe group had an unexpectedly high proportion (75.49%) of <i>Proteobacteria</i> during the primordial differentiation stage, while <i>Pseudomonas</i> also occupied a high proportion (5.52%) in this group. These results suggested that different trace elements clearly affected morel yields and soil bacterial community structures, particularly due to the high proportions of <i>Pseudomonas</i> during the primordial differentiation stage.</p></div

Contents of microelements in artificial morel ascocarp (mg/kg dw).

<p>Contents of microelements in artificial morel ascocarp (mg/kg dw).</p

Predominant genera of <i>Proteobacteria</i> in morel-grown soil.

<p>Predominant genera of <i>Proteobacteria</i> in morel-grown soil.</p

Process of sclerotia formation in PDA media under stereomicroscope.

<p>(A~ C) The sclerotia are in the early, middle and late stages, respectively (5x) and (D~F) represent the same stage under 16 ×; The color of sclerotia were from white to faint yellow and final in brown.</p

Morphologies of mycelia and sclerotia on the soil surface under stereomicroscope.

<p>(A~C) The morphology of mycelia under 1x, 16x, and 16x magnification of a zoom stereomicroscope, respectively; (D~F) The morphology of sclerotia under 5x, 10x, and 16x magnification of a zoom stereomicroscope, respectively. The morphology of mycelia and sclerotia between medium and soil showed significantly different.</p

Effects of trace elements on mycelia growth and sclerotial formation.

<p>Effects of trace elements on mycelia growth and sclerotial formation.</p

Antifungal activity, main active components and mechanism of <i>Curcuma longa</i> extract against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> - Fig 5

<p><b>Separation of total soluble proteins extracted from extract-treated (B) and untreated (A) <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i> cells on silver-stained gels over a pH range of 4–6.9</b>.</p

Inhibitory efficacy of eight components and seven binary complexes derived from <i>C</i>. <i>longa</i> against <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i>.

<p>Inhibitory efficacy of eight components and seven binary complexes derived from <i>C</i>. <i>longa</i> against <i>F</i>. <i>graminearum</i>.</p

Structural formula of eight chemical components derived from <i>C</i>. <i>longa</i>.

<p>Structural formula of eight chemical components derived from <i>C</i>. <i>longa</i>.</p