Development and construction of China

Libraries in China's higher education institutions have been developing in keeping pace with the flourishing development of China's higher education. This article aims to make an introduction to the construction of China's higher education libraries, especially the recent three decades' achievements since China's reform and opening-up in 1978. In this article, the authors draw a general picture of the development of libraries in China's higher education institutions, covering such eight aspects as management, types and positioning, organizational structure and personnel, expenditure and buildings, reader service, building and sharing of resources as well as automation system.</p

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care: An Examination of State Inpatient Databases in the Utilization of and Outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty

Title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care: An Examination of State Inpatient Databases in the Utilization of and Outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty Background: The U.S. population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse yet disparities in health care still exist. One area of medical care in which racial disparities have been identified is total knee arthroplasty (TKA)¬—an efficacious and cost-effective treatment option for individuals with advanced arthritis of the knee. Previous studies have documented that racial and ethnic minorities tend to have higher rates of adverse health outcomes and face more barriers utilizing the procedure. However, these studies predominantly focused on black and white disparities and were limited to Medicare patients or veterans. In this study, we sought to study racial disparities in TKA utilization and associated health outcomes using nationally representative data. Methods: We analyzed administrative data collected for the Hospital Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (SID) from eight racially diverse states between 2001 and 2008. Patient race was categorized according to the SID: whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans and mixed-race. Both crude and adjusted racial/ethnic disparities were evaluated. We also analyzed time trends in TKA utilization by race to assess whether access to TKA improved over time. Results:We identified a total of 547,380 admissions between 2001 and 2008 during which a TKA procedure was performed. In comparison with whites (4.65 per 1,000 population per year), blacks (3.90), Hispanics (3.71), Asians (3.89), Native Americans (4.40) and mixed-race (3.69) had lower rates of TKA utilization (P Conclusion: Minorities had lower rates of TKA utilization but higher rates of adverse health outcomes associated with the procedure, even after adjusting for patient and health care system related characteristics. Future studies that consider specific patient-level information with psychosocial and behavioral factors are needed

Single-layer behavior and slow carrier density dynamic of twisted graphene bilayer

We report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) of twisted graphene bilayer on SiC substrate. For twist angle ~ 4.5o the Dirac point ED is located about 0.40 eV below the Fermi level EF due to the electron doping at the graphene/SiC interface. We observed an unexpected result that the local Dirac point around a nanoscaled defect shifts towards the Fermi energy during the STS measurements (with a time scale about 100 seconds). This behavior was attributed to the decoupling between the twisted graphene and the substrate during the measurements, which lowers the carrier density of graphene simultaneously

Vertices with the Second Neighborhood Property in Eulerian Digraphs

The Second Neighborhood Conjecture states that every simple digraph has a vertex whose second out-neighborhood is at least as large as its first out-neighborhood, i.e. a vertex with the Second Neighborhood Property. A cycle intersection graph of an even graph is a new graph whose vertices are the cycles in a cycle decomposition of the original graph and whose edges represent vertex intersections of the cycles. By using a digraph variant of this concept, we prove that Eulerian digraphs which admit a simple dicycle intersection graph have not only adhere to the Second Neighborhood Conjecture, but have a vertex of minimum outdegree that has the Second Neighborhood Property.Comment: fixed an error in an earlier version and made structural change