Influences of oxygen ion beam on the properties of magnesium fluoride thin film deposited using electron beam evaporation deposition

Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) materials are commonly used for near/medium infrared anti-reflection optical coatings due to their low refractive index and wide-range transparency. Ion assistant deposition is an important technique to increase the density of MgF2 and reduce absorption around 2.94 µm caused by high porosity and moisture adsorption. However, the excessive energy of Argon ion will induce a color center and; therefore, lead to UV/Visible absorption. In this paper, oxygen ion was introduced to reduce the color center effect in MgF2 thin film deposited using electron beam evaporation with ion assistant. The films were deposited on Bk7 and single crystal silicon substrates under various oxygen ion beam currents. The microstructure, optical constant, film density, stress, and adhesion are investigated, including the absorption properties at the infrared hydroxyl (–OH) vibration peak. The results show that as the oxygen ion beam current increases, the absorption value at the position of the infrared OH vibration, defects, and stress of the film decrease, while the refractive index increases. However, MgF2 has poor adhesion using oxygen ion-assisted deposition. Thin MgF2 film without ion beam assistant was used as adhesive layer, high density, and low absorption MgF2 film with good adhesion was obtained

Phosphorus bioavailability: a key aspect for conserving this critical animal feed resource with reference to broiler nutrition

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element, and the majority of animal feed phosphate is derived from phosphate rock that is a non-renewable resource. Current global P reserves may be depleted in 50–100 years. This poses the challenge of securing future P supply for the global animal feed industries. Currently, nutritionists formulate diets with substantial safety margins to guarantee that animals do not become P deficient. Excessive dietary P concentrations increase, not only the cost of diets, but also P excretion and pollution of the environment. We contend that understanding P bioavailability is central to the sustainable use of this mineral in animal agriculture. Poultry accounts for approximately 50% of animal feed phosphate consumption worldwide and for this reason we use the meat chicken or broiler as a case study to explore the nuances of P bioavailability. We conclude that, to tackle the challenge of dietary P bioavailability, cooperative research on a global scale is needed to standardise measurement procedures in order to produce a robust and reliable database which can be used by nutritionists to formulate diets to meet the bird’s P requirements precisely. Achievement of this goal will assist endeavours to sustain the global supply of phosphorus

Vegetation change on the Tibetan Plateau (1982 to 2006): An attribution by the rainfall-runoff chain

Abstract HKT-ISTP 2013 B

Determination of bupropion hydrochloride in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and Its application to pharmacokinetic study

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitation of bupropion hydrochloride in rat plasma using triazolam as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a SB-C18 column at 30 °C, with 50: 50 (v/v) acetonitrile-0.1 % formic acid in water as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The determination of bupropion was performed in MRM mode, m/z 239.9 → 183.7 for bupropion and m/z 343.0 → 308.0 for triazolam (IS) and positive ion electrospray ionization interface. Calibration curve was linear over range of 1.2 to 480 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-run relative standard deviations of the assay were less than 10 %. The mean absolute recoveries determined at the concentrations of 2.4, 48 and 360 ng/mLwere 91.00%, 92.06%, 91.71%, respectively. The validated method is successfully used to analyze the drug in samples of rat plasma for pharmacokinetic study.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Determination of bupropion hydrochloride in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and Its application to pharmacokinetic study

A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitation of bupropion hydrochloride in rat plasma using triazolam as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a SB-C18 column at 30 °C, with 50: 50 (v/v) acetonitrile-0.1 % formic acid in water as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The determination of bupropion was performed in MRM mode, m/z 239.9 → 183.7 for bupropion and m/z 343.0 → 308.0 for triazolam (IS) and positive ion electrospray ionization interface. Calibration curve was linear over range of 1.2 to 480 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-run relative standard deviations of the assay were less than 10 %. The mean absolute recoveries determined at the concentrations of 2.4, 48 and 360 ng/mLwere 91.00%, 92.06%, 91.71%, respectively. The validated method is successfully used to analyze the drug in samples of rat plasma for pharmacokinetic study.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Redistributing the Precision and Content in 3D-LUT-based Inverse Tone-mapping for HDR/WCG Display

ITM(inverse tone-mapping) converts SDR (standard dynamic range) footage to HDR/WCG (high dynamic range /wide color gamut) for media production. It happens not only when remastering legacy SDR footage in front-end content provider, but also adapting on-theair SDR service on user-end HDR display. The latter requires more efficiency, thus the pre-calculated LUT (look-up table) has become a popular solution. Yet, conventional fixed LUT lacks adaptability, so we learn from research community and combine it with AI. Meanwhile, higher-bit-depth HDR/WCG requires larger LUT than SDR, so we consult traditional ITM for an efficiency-performance trade-off: We use 3 smaller LUTs, each has a non-uniform packing (precision) respectively denser in dark, middle and bright luma range. In this case, their results will have less error only in their own range, so we use a contribution map to combine their best parts to final result. With the guidance of this map, the elements (content) of 3 LUTs will also be redistributed during training. We conduct ablation studies to verify method's effectiveness, and subjective and objective experiments to show its practicability. Code is available at: https://github.com/AndreGuo/ITMLUT.Comment: Accepted in CVMP2023 (the 20th ACM SIGGRAPH European Conference on Visual Media Production