Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Parallel Aluminum‐Cobalt Oxide Nanosheet Arrays with High‐Temperature Ferromagnetism

Abstract Parallel nanomaterials possess unique properties and show potential applications in industry. Whereas, vertically aligned 2D nanomaterials have plane orientations that are generally chaotic. Simultaneous control of their growth direction and spatial orientation for parallel nanosheets remains a big challenge. Here, a facile preparation of vertically aligned parallel nanosheet arrays of aluminum‐cobalt oxide is reported via a collaborative dealloying and hydrothermal method. The parallel growth of nanosheets is attributed to the lattice‐matching among the nanosheets, the buffer layer, and the substrate, which is verified by a careful transmission electron microscopy study. Furthermore, the aluminum‐cobalt oxide nanosheets exhibit high‐temperature ferromagnetism with a 919 K Curie temperature and a 5.22 emu g −1 saturation magnetization at 300 K, implying the potential applications in high‐temperature ferromagnetic fields