STUDY OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BRAIN GLIOBLASTOMA AND LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA

Subject of Research. The paper presents qualitative analysis of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy application for cancer diagnosis by measurement of the optical properties and spectral characteristics of cancer cells. For this purpose, the cultivation of two cancer cells, U-251 (glioblastoma brain) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), were carried out, then their refractive index, absorption coefficient and dielectric constant were measured, and the optical properties of tumor cells were compared with the optical properties of healthy cells (fibroblasts). Tumor cells contain more OH-components in comparison with healthy cells. Since terahertz radiation is heavily absorbed by water, there are differences in the spectra of healthy and oncological cells. Because of the demand for rapid and effective diagnostics of oncology (including intraoperative), the obtained results show that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can be used for this purpose in the present time.Method. To obtain the optical properties and spectral characteristics of the researched objects, a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy method in the transmission mode was used. The researched cell lines were cultured in vitro. Optical properties and spectral characteristics of the samples were calculated by the thin film method and Fourier transform.Main Results. The results show the differences of refractive index, absorption coefficient and dielectric permittivity between the oncological cell lines U-251, A549 and the healthy cells in the frequency range 0.2-1 THz. It was found that cancer cells have higher values of refractive indices and absorption coefficients than those of healthy cells. Brain glioblastoma (U-251) has a transmission peak at the frequency of 0.24 THz.Practical Relevance. The results obtained in this work can form the basis for the intraoperative diagnosis of brain and lung cancer with the use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, and it is also useful in the other studies, for example, the development of biotissue phantoms in the THz frequency rang

Effects of ageing on dendritic arborizations, dendritic spines and somatic configurations of cerebellar Purkinje cells of old cat.

Abstract.-We investigated the morphological alterations in the Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellar cortex of young adult (2-3 years old) and old cats (12-13 years old). Rapid Golgi staining was used to visualize dendritic arborizations and spines, and routine Nissl staining was applied to visualize the somatic configuration of the PCs. The height, width and area of the dendritic network were measured, the spine density was calculated, and the average volumes of the soma and nucleus of PCs were roughly estimated. Golgi staining demonstrated that old PCs exhibited significant retraction of dendritic arborizations and considerable desquamation of dendritic spines, indicating a remarkable decrease of information input to the ageing PCs. In addition, Nissl staining showed a distinct reduction in size of the soma and nucleus of old PCs. We suggest that retraction of dendritic arborizations and degeneration of the somatic configuration might lead to deficits in information processing and substance synthesis in senile cerebellar PCs

RESEARCH OF HUMAN BLOOD OPTICAL PROPERTIES WITH CONCENTRATION CHANGES OF BLOOD COMPONENTS IN TERAHERTZ FREQUENCY RANGE

Subject of Research.The paper presents the study of blood biochemical composition (bilirubin, creatinine, triglycerides, uric acid) effect on its optical properties, refractive index and absorption coefficient, in terahertz frequency range. Method. To obtain the values of the refractive index and the absorption coefficient, the method of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used in the transmission mode. Concentrations of total bilirubin, creatinine and triglycerides were measured in blood serum by the colorimetric method, the pseudokinetic method and the enzymatic method, respectively. The glucose level was determined in blood plasma by the enzyme method. All measurements of blood component concentrations were carried out at the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. Main Results. The optical properties of blood with various biochemical composition were obtained using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy at the frequency of 0.4THz. It is shown that the refractive indices and the absorption coefficients of blood decrease with an increase in the concentration of bilirubin and creatinine. It has also been found that with an increase in the concentration of uric acid and triglycerides, the refractive index of blood increases and the absorption coefficient of blood decreases, respectively. The correlation between the refractive index and the concentration of triglycerides and the correlation between the blood absorption coefficient and the concentration of uric acid were not revealed. Practical Relevance. The observed correlations between the concentrations of blood components and the optical properties are useful in the development of a new technique for blood analysis

Government Intervention, Structural Transformation, and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from China

Government intervention and structural transformation play an important role in both the economy and carbon emissions. Based on provincial panel data from China from 2003 to 2020, this paper employs econometric models to investigate the impact of government intervention and structural transformation on carbon emissions. In particular, structural transformation is divided into two indicators: The rationalization of the industrial structure and the upgrading of the industrial structure. According to the research findings, government intervention has significantly promoted carbon emissions and structural transformation has had dual effects on carbon emissions; meanwhile, the rationalization of the industrial structure has significantly increased carbon emissions, while the upgrading of the industrial structure has slowed down carbon emissions, with these findings passing the corresponding robustness test. The relationship between government intervention, structural transformation, and carbon emissions varies significantly over time and across regions. Further investigations revealed that government intervention and structural transformation have a significant impact on carbon emissions in various panel quantiles. Finally, the paper makes policy recommendations in order to provide empirical support for promoting China’s high-quality economic development and achieving the “double carbon” goal