Complex population genetic and demographic history of the Salangid, Neosalanx taihuensis, based on cytochrome b sequences

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Salangid icefish <it>Neosalanx taihuensis </it>(Salangidae) is an economically important fish, which is endemic to China, restricted to large freshwater systems (e.g. lakes, large rivers and estuaries) and typically exhibit low vagility. The continuous distribution ranges from the temperate region of the Huai and Yellow River basins to the subtropical region of the Pearl River basin. This wide ranging distribution makes the species an ideal model for the study of palaeoclimatic effects on population genetic structure and phylogeography. Here, we aim to analyze population genetic differentiation within and between river basins and demographic history in order to understand how this species responded to severe climatic oscillations, decline of the sea levels during the Pleistocene ice ages and tectonic activity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We obtained the complete mtDNA cytochrome <it>b </it>sequences (1141 bp) of 354 individuals from 13 populations in the Pearl River, the Yangze River and the Huai River basin. Thirty-six haplotypes were detected. Haplotype frequency distributions were strongly skewed, with most haplotypes (n = 24) represented only in single samples each and thus restricted to a single population. The most common haplotype (H36) was found in 49.15% of all individuals. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a random pattern in the distribution of genetic diversity, which is inconsistent with contemporary hydrological structure. Significant levels of genetic subdivision were detected among populations within basins rather than between the three basins. Demographic analysis revealed that the population size in the Pearl River basin has remained relatively constant whereas the populations in the Yangze River and the Huai River basins expanded about 221 and 190 kyr ago, respectively, with the majority of mutations occurring after the last glacial maximum (LGM).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The observed complex genetic pattern of <it>N. taihuensis </it>is coherent with a scenario of multiple unrelated founding events by long-distance colonization and dispersal combined with contiguous population expansion and locally restricted gene flow. We also found that this species was likely severely impacted by past glaciations. More favourable climate and the formation of large suitable habitations together facilitated population expansion after the late Quaternary (especially the LGM). We proposed that all populations should be managed and conserved separately, especially for habitat protection.</p

一种基于铁纳米簇的新型可视化葡萄糖传感器

In this paper, a novel fluorescent sensor for glucose detection based on fluorescent iron clusters (Fe NCs) and glucose oxidase is developed. With the increase of glucose concentration, the red fluorescence of iron nanoclusters decreases gradually, and the glucose content can be detected in the range of 0– 100 μmol·L–1. In addition, in order to facilitate the detection of glucose, this paper investigated the coating of Fe NCs and glucose oxidase by agarose and further preparation of agarose gel test strip for glucose detection. Under ultraviolet lamp, the change of glucose content can be identified through the color change of agarose gel

Electromagnetic Transmit Array with Optical Control for Beamforming

This Proof-Of-Concept Paper Demonstrates the Feasibility of using a Slide Projector to Steer the Beam of a Transmit Array by Adding Solar Cells and Varactor Diodes to Each Unit Cell. by Irradiating Each Solar Cell with the Light of Different Intensities from a Slide Projector, the Measured Phase of the Wave Transmitted by the 4x4 Transmit Array Shifts within 92° at 4.26 GHz, While the Variation in Magnitude is Measured within 4 DB. Different Light Configurations Are Identified Via a Searching Algorithm to Achieve Peak/null Beamforming in a Particular Direction. the Beam of the Prototypical 4x4 Transmit Array Can Be Shifted by ±24° in Terms of the Peaks and -30° to 36° in Terms of the Nulls. the Concept of Adding Light Modulation to the Transmit Array with a Slide Projector Can Provide Update Rates of 10s of Milliseconds with Control of Brightness and Color Distributed over a Large Area of the Array

Isolation and characterization of a Pseudomonas oleovorans degrading the chloroacetamide herbicide acetochlor. Biodegradation 2006;17:219–25

Abstract To date, no pure bacterial cultures that could degrade acetochlor have been described. In this study, one strain of microorganism capable of degrading acetochlor, designated as LCa2, was isolated from acetochlor-contaminated soil. The strain LCa2 is Pseudomonas oleovorans according to the criteria of BergeyÕs manual of determinative bacteriology and sequence analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene. Optimum growth temperature and pH were 35°C and 8.0, respectively. The strain could degrade 98.03% of acetochlor treated at a concentration of 7.6 mg l )1 after 7 days of incubation and could tolerate 200 mg l )1 of acetochlor. When the acetochlor concentration became higher, the degradation cycle became longer. The acetochlor biodegradation products were identified by GC-MS based on mass spectral data and fragmentation patterns. The main plausible degradative pathways involved dechlorination, hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, C-dealkylation and dehydrogenation

Arginine methylation of HSPA8 by PRMT9 inhibits ferroptosis to accelerate hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein is an established cause of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether arginine methylation regulates ferroptosis involved in HBx-induced HCC progression has not been reported. This study aimed to explore whether HBx-regulated protein arginine methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9) mediates the involvement of ferroptosis in the development of HCC. Methods and results HBx inhibited ferroptosis through promoting PRMT9 expression in HCC cells. PRMT9 suppressed ferroptosis to accelerate HCC progression in vivo. PRMT9 targeted HSPA8 and enhanced arginine methylation of HSPA8 at R76 and R100 to regulate ferroptosis in HCC. HSPA8 overexpression altered the transcriptome profile of HepG2 cells, in particular, ferroptosis and immune-related pathways were significantly enriched by differentially expressed genes, including CD44. HSPA8 overexpression up-regulated CD44 expression and knockdown of CD44 significantly reversed the inhibition of ferroptosis caused by PRMT9 overexpression. Conclusions In conclusion, HBx/PRMT9/HSPA8/CD44 axis is a vital signal pathway regulating ferroptosis in HCC cells. This study provides new opportunities and targets for the treatment of HBV-induced HCC. Graphical Abstrac

Mid-Infrared Hollow-Core Fiber Based Flexible Longitudinal Photoacoustic Resonator for Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Gas Sensing

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has received extensive attention in optical gas sensing due to the advantages of high sensitivity, gas selectivity, and online detection. Here, a mid-infrared hollow-core fiber (HCF) based flexible longitudinal photoacoustic resonator for PAS-based gas sensing is proposed and theoretically demonstrated. A mid-infrared anti-resonant HCF is designed to innovatively replace the traditional metallic acoustic resonator and obtain a flexible photoacoustic cell in PAS. Optical transmission characteristics of the HCF are analyzed and discussed, achieving single mode operation with below 1 dB/m confinement loss between 3 and 8 μm and covering strong absorptions of some hydrocarbons and carbon oxides. With varied bending radii from 10 mm to 200 mm, the optical mode could be maintained in the hollow core. Based on the photoacoustic effect, generated acoustic mode distributions in the HCF-based flexible photoacoustic resonator are analyzed and compared. Results show that the PAS-based sensor has a stable and converged acoustic profile at the resonant frequency of around 16,787 Hz and a favorable linear response to light source power and gas concentration. The proposed novel photoacoustic resonator using HCF presents bring potential for advanced flexible PAS-based gas detection