2012 ネン イコウ ノ サトヤマ ケンキュウ ノ ドウコウ ニ ツイテ

In this study, we first revisit the concept of “Satoyama” and provide an overview of existing review articles. We then organize the trends in research related to “Satoyama,” focusing on papers published since 2012. Throughout the study, several key observations have emerged. First, it is essential to note the shifting perspectives on “Satoyama.” Critiques of the excessive praise of “Satoyama” have been increasing. Moreover, studies exploring new perspectives on “Satoyama” with a heightened awareness of the Fukushima nuclear disaster have been increasing since 2012. Additionally, we observe a broadening of themes related to “Satoyama.” Within the context of an ongoing trend of depopulation in rural areas, the expectation placed on “stakeholder populations” in contributing to the preservation of “Satoyama” is growing. The involvement of these stakeholder populations is becoming increasingly diverse. However, the diversity in involvement presents a challenge when assessing the effectiveness of conservation efforts, as the unique experiences of each stakeholder may diff er significantly. Furthermore, as there is a renewed focus on the effectiveness of traditional local systems and the validity of local knowledge, it is imperative to investigate how stakeholder populations align with and adapt to these traditional structures. This investigation should also explore how the stakeholders internalize the concept of “locality” and determine their position in negotiations and adaptations within the local social structure. This aspect bears a resemblance to what Matsumura (2007) highlighted as a misalignment of objectives, often leading to “failures” in volunteer efforts. Next, as the concept of “Satoyama” becomes more established, there is a growing sense that “Satoyama,” which has traditionally been intertwined with rural life and production, is now being observed from a more detached perspective. As Maruyama (2009) argued, “Satoyama” is being discussed as a “cultural landscape,” emphasizing the importance of positioning the natural aspects of “Satoyama” as “nature within culture.” However, there is a tendency to overlook the everyday aspects of “Satoyama.

Transcribing Latin Manuscripts in Respect to Linguistics

Current text detection software, although can transcribe modern languages with high accuracy, has flaws detecting texts and transcribing original Latin manuscripts sufficiently. This paper proposes a general approach for transcribing Latin manuscripts in respect to linguistics and develops a system to transcribe Latin manuscripts containing intricate abbreviations, which combines basic object detection algorithms with linguistics. We used methods from image processing and made changes based on the characteristics of Latin.This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Polypyrimidine tract binding protein knockdown reverses depression-like behaviors and cognition impairment in mice with lesioned cholinergic neurons

Background and objectivesDepression is a common comorbidity of dementia and may be a risk factor for dementia. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the cholinergic system plays a central role in dementia and depression, and the loss of cholinergic neurons is associated with memory decline in aging and Alzheimer’s patients. A specific loss of cholinergic neurons in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB) is correlated with depression and dysfunction of cognition in mice. In this study, we examined the potential regenerative mechanisms of knockdown the RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) in reversing depression-like behaviors and cognition impairment in mice with lesioned cholinergic neurons.MethodsWe lesioned cholinergic neurons in mice induced by injection of 192 IgG-saporin into HDB; then, we injected either antisense oligonucleotides or adeno-associated virus-shRNA (GFAP promoter) into the injured area of HDB to deplete PTB followed by a broad range of methodologies including behavioral examinations, Western blot, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence.ResultsWe found that the conversion of astrocytes to newborn neurons by using antisense oligonucleotides on PTB in vitro, and depletion of PTB using either antisense oligonucleotides or adeno-associated virus-shRNA into the injured area of HDB could specifically transform astrocytes into cholinergic neurons. Meanwhile, knockdown of PTB by both approaches could relieve the depression-like behaviors shown by sucrose preference, forced swimming or tail-suspension tests, and alleviate cognitive impairment such as fear conditioning and novel object recognition in mice with lesioned cholinergic neurons.ConclusionThese findings suggest that supplementing cholinergic neurons after PTB knockdown may be a promising therapeutic strategy to revert depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairment

Using Maxwell’s Theory to model and quantify the fracture evolution of cyclothymic deposition phosphate rock

The evolution and stability of fracturing in the cyclothymic deposition of phosphate rocks are strongly affected by the viscoelasticity and structural form of the rock-forming minerals. Presently, there is no standardized method that has been widely accepted to accurately quantify the elastic-plastic deformation and fracturing of such striped structural rock nor reflect the role of the different lithogenous minerals in phosphate rocks when subjected to viscoelastic strain loading. In this study, integrated mathematical equations were formulated for modelling the mechanical and fracture behaviour of cyclothymic deposition in structured phosphate rocks. These constitutive equations were developed based on Maxwell’s Theory after the elastic modulus and damping coefficient of the rock-forming mineral from the mechanical testing were substituted into the derived-equations. In these new models, the apatite stripes and dolomite stripes were incorporated into the transverse isotropic model through the analysis of structural characteristics of the phosphate rock. Through experimental validation, the response curves of the creep and stress relaxation tests were found to be consistent with the deformation curves generated by modelling using the mathematical equations. Overall, the formulated model along with the corresponding equations was found to exhibit good applicability properties to describe phosphate’s mechanical and fracture behaviour under low horizontal compressive stresses. In the study, the creep mechanism in phosphate rocks were satisfactorily analysed from the angles of microscopic morphology, cracks evolution, and inter-crystalline strength. The hard brittle apatite was found to be surrounded and separated by high creep variant dolomite. Furthermore, the analysis showed that dolomite crystals possessing high creep properties dominated the distribution and evolution of secondary structures in the phosphate rock, under the condition of long-term low-stress loading