17,362 research outputs found
Classical Aspects of Higher Spin Topologically Massive Gravity
We study the classical solutions of three dimensional topologically massive
gravity (TMG) and its higher spin generalization, in the first order
formulation. The action of higher spin TMG has been proposed in arXiv:1110.5113
to be of a Chern-Simons-like form. The equations of motion are more complicated
than the ones in pure higher spin AdS gravity, but are still tractable. As
all the solutions in higher spin gravity are automatically the solutions of
higher spin TMG, we focus on other solutions. We manage to find the AdS pp-wave
solutions with higher spin hair, and find that the nonvanishing higher spin
fields may or may not modify the pp-wave geometry. In order to discuss the
warped spacetime, we introduce the notion of special Killing vector, which is
defined to be the symmetry on the frame-like fields. We reproduce various
warped spacetimes of TMG in our framework, with the help of special Killing
vectors.Comment: 25 pages; minor corrections, references added, published versio
Holographic R\'enyi entropy for CFT with symmetry
In this paper we investigate the holographic R\'enyi entropy of two disjoint
intervals on complex plane with small cross ratio for conformal field
theory with symmetry in the ground state, which could be dual to a higher
spin AdS gravity. We focus on the cases of and symmetries. In
order to see the nontrivial contributions from the fields, we calculate the
R\'enyi entropy in the expansion of to order in both the gravity and
the CFT sides. In the gravity side the classical contributions to the
entanglement entropy is still given by the Ryu-Takayanagi area formula under
the reasonable assumption, while the 1-loop quantum corrections have to take
into account of the contributions not only from massless gravitons, but also
from massless higher spin fields. In the CFT side we still use the operator
product expansion of twist operators in the small interval limit, but now we
need to consider the quasiprimary fields constructed from fields, besides
the ones from Virasoro Verma module. In the large central charge limit, we
obtain the classical, 1-loop, 2-loop, and 3-loop parts of the R\'enyi entropy.
The classical and 1-loop results in the gravity and the CFT sides are in exact
match. This confirms the higher spin gravity/CFT correspondence, and also
supports the holographic computation of R\'enyi entanglement entropy, including
the quantum correction, in both the AdS gravity and the higher spin AdS
gravity.Comment: 32 pages, published versio
Hidden Conformal Symmetry of Extremal Black Holes
We study the hidden conformal symmetry of the extremal black holes. We
introduce a new set of conformal coordinates to write the generators.
We find that the Laplacian of the scalar field in many extremal black holes
could be written in terms of the quadratic Casimir. This suggests
that there exist dual CFT descriptions of these black holes. From the conformal
coordinates, the temperatures of the dual CFTs could be read directly. For the
extremal black hole, the Hawking temperature is vanishing. Correspondingly,
only the left (right) temperature of the dual CFT is non-vanishing and the
excitations of the other sector are suppressed. In the probe limit, we compute
the scattering amplitudes of the scalar off the extremal black holes and find
perfect agreement with the CFT prediction.Comment: 16 pages; Published versio
Tensorized Self-Attention: Efficiently Modeling Pairwise and Global Dependencies Together
Neural networks equipped with self-attention have parallelizable computation,
light-weight structure, and the ability to capture both long-range and local
dependencies. Further, their expressive power and performance can be boosted by
using a vector to measure pairwise dependency, but this requires to expand the
alignment matrix to a tensor, which results in memory and computation
bottlenecks. In this paper, we propose a novel attention mechanism called
"Multi-mask Tensorized Self-Attention" (MTSA), which is as fast and as
memory-efficient as a CNN, but significantly outperforms previous
CNN-/RNN-/attention-based models. MTSA 1) captures both pairwise (token2token)
and global (source2token) dependencies by a novel compatibility function
composed of dot-product and additive attentions, 2) uses a tensor to represent
the feature-wise alignment scores for better expressive power but only requires
parallelizable matrix multiplications, and 3) combines multi-head with
multi-dimensional attentions, and applies a distinct positional mask to each
head (subspace), so the memory and computation can be distributed to multiple
heads, each with sequential information encoded independently. The experiments
show that a CNN/RNN-free model based on MTSA achieves state-of-the-art or
competitive performance on nine NLP benchmarks with compelling memory- and
time-efficiency
Energy Efficient User Association and Power Allocation in Millimeter Wave Based Ultra Dense Networks with Energy Harvesting Base Stations
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication technologies have recently emerged as
an attractive solution to meet the exponentially increasing demand on mobile
data traffic. Moreover, ultra dense networks (UDNs) combined with mmWave
technology are expected to increase both energy efficiency and spectral
efficiency. In this paper, user association and power allocation in mmWave
based UDNs is considered with attention to load balance constraints, energy
harvesting by base stations, user quality of service requirements, energy
efficiency, and cross-tier interference limits. The joint user association and
power optimization problem is modeled as a mixed-integer programming problem,
which is then transformed into a convex optimization problem by relaxing the
user association indicator and solved by Lagrangian dual decomposition. An
iterative gradient user association and power allocation algorithm is proposed
and shown to converge rapidly to an optimal point. The complexity of the
proposed algorithm is analyzed and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme
compared with existing methods is verified by simulations.Comment: to appear, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 201
Optimal cloud resource auto-scaling for web applications
In the on-demand cloud environment, web application providers have the potential to scale virtual resources up or down to achieve cost-effective outcomes. True elasticity and cost-effectiveness in the pay-per-use cloud business model, however, have not yet been achieved. To address this challenge, we propose a novel cloud resource auto-scaling scheme at the virtual machine (VM) level for web application providers. The scheme automatically predicts the number of web requests and discovers an optimal cloud resource demand with cost-latency trade-off. Based on this demand, the scheme makes a resource scaling decision that is up or down or NOP (no operation) in each time-unit re-allocation. We have implemented the scheme on the Amazon cloud platform and evaluated it using three real-world web log datasets. Our experiment results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves resource auto-scaling with an optimal cost-latency trade-off, as well as low SLA violations. © 2013 IEEE
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