Phase equilibria in iron phosphate system

The main objectives of this research were to synthesize iron phosphate compounds, study phase equilibria in the iron phosphate system, focusing on the glass forming area, and investigate glass formability and properties based on the liquidus regions. Twelve iron phosphate compounds were successfully prepared and studied in terms of liquidus temperature or decomposition behavior. The liquidus surface of the Fe₃PO₇- Fe(PO₃)₃ system was re-determined and found to be significantly different from that originally presented by Wentrup in 1935. Eutectic points exist at 58.0 mole% Fe₂O₃ (1070⁰C), 42.7 mole% Fe₂O₃ (925°C), and 37.0 mole% Fe₂O₃ (907°C). The latter two eutectic points bracket the conventional iron phosphate glass-forming range. The liquidus surface of the Fe₂P₂O₇-Fe(PO₃)₂ system was also determined. A eutectic point exists at 52.8±0.5 mole% FeO and 935°C in the Fe₃PO₇- Fe(PO₃)₃ system. Glass formation of iron-rich phosphate glasses (nominal Fe/P ratios between 1.0 and 1.6) requiresa critical cooling rate in the range 10³-10⁴ ⁰C/sec, compared to 1-10⁰C/sec for conventional iron phosphate melts (nominal Fe/P ratios near 0.50). The structures of the iron-rich phosphate glasses are based on isolated orthophosphate tetrahedra, similar to those found in α-FePO₄. The stability of melts (with nominal Fe/P compositions between 0.50 and 0.67) against crystallization, described by the Angell and Weinberg parameters, generally decreases with increasing O/P and Fe/P ratios. The structures of crystalline and glassy iron phosphates were studied using Raman spectroscopy. The correlation of the structure of iron phosphate compounds and the Raman modes was summarized and established. The structural parameters (like P-O bond length) of glassy iron phosphates were predicted and discussed --Abstract, page iv

Impact of Policy Promoting Tenant-Owner Right Equality on the Housing Market in Guangzhou

This research studies the impacts of a new policy promoting tenant-owner right equality on the housing market in Guangzhou through a case study of the Tianhe District. Taking datasets of monthly housing prices and rents, as well as residential complex information from 2016 to 2018 within Tianhe District, this research examines the changes in housing prices and rents that resulted from the implementation of the new policy with the use of multiple regression model and Difference-in-Difference (DID) model. The results generated from two multiple regression models show that the reputation of schools and transportation accessibility are two main influencing factors of house sales prices, while building age, transportation accessibility, and sales type are influencing factors of rents. And the results from the DID model suggest that the implementation of the new policy had increased the house sales prices, regardless of the educational reputation, despite it had little impact on the rent level. This finding is contrary to the government’s expectation of stabilizing housing prices, but could be understood through the findings from 18 interviews with residents in Tianhe District

Aligned Graphene Nanoribbons and Crossbars from Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes

Aligned graphene nanoribbon (GNR) arrays were made by unzipping of aligned single-walled and few-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Nanotube unzipping was achieved by a polymer-protected Ar plasma etching method, and the resulting nanoribbon array was transferred onto any substrates. Atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging and Raman mapping on the same CNTs before and after unzipping confirmed that ~80% of CNTs were opened up to form single layer sub-10 nm GNRs. Electrical devices made from the GNRs (after annealing in H2 at high temperature) showed on/off current (Ion/Ioff) ratios up to 103 at room temperature, suggesting semiconducting nature of the narrow GNRs. Novel GNR-GNR and GNR-CNT crossbars were fabricated by transferring GNR arrays across GNR and CNT arrays, respectively. The production of ordered graphene nanoribbon architectures may allow for large scale integration of GNRs into nanoelectronics or optoelectronics.Comment: published in Nano Researc

Legal Issues Concerning the EU Unilateral Aviation ETS: A Chinese Perspective

Since January 2012, carbon emissions from international aviation have been formally included in the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Airlines from outside the EU have struggled to find an escape from this arguably unfair decision. China, the United States, Russia, India, and representatives from nineteen other countries signed the Moscow Joint Declaration in February of 2012 to demonstrate opposition to the EU’s unilaterally enacted aviation carbon tax. Originally, the EU had no intention of canceling or suspending its plan to tax the aviation industry’s carbon emissions; however, after international pressure from a number of opposing countries and airlines, the EU decided to suspend the implementation of the aviation portion of the ETS. This article will discuss the legal issues surrounding the EU ETS and its potential impact on China\u27s aviation industry