Road network detection based on improved FLICM-MRF method using high resolution SAR images

The automatic detection of road network from satellite and aerial images is highly significant in many actual applications, for instance, urban traffic measurement, military emergency response, and vehicle target tracking. Compared with other high-resolution satellite remote sensing images, high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become a popular research perspective for road detection owing to its insensitivity to the atmosphere and sun-illumination. However, the method of road network detection is still lagging due to the strong multiplicative speckle noise and complex background interference, causing the loss and break in the road segment extraction results. Aiming to solve this problem, a three-step road network detection framework is proposed. In the first step, the road segment candidates are extracted by the Fuzzy Local Information C-Means (FLICM) algorithm based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) with Markov Random Fields (MRF), and it contains an adaptive parameter selection procedure which is presented for adjusting joint clustering parameters. In order to reduce false segments, we perform the local processing which combines the morphological operation, linearity index, and local Hough transform in the second step. Finally, as for the global road segment connection, we propose an improved region growing algorithm which fully considering the rationality of road elements to gain the road network. Compared with the traditional region growing algorithm, the proposed method can effectively promote the improvement of the integrity of the road network detection. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing the results with the ground truth road map and the evaluation index including the completeness, correctness, and quality factor. In experiments, the algorithm has been verified with the SAR images from the different resolutions of the GF-3 satellite SAR image. The results of the various real images demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has improved considerably the adaptability and efficiency of road detection compared with other methods

PO-036 Exercise-induced BMI declined were association with increased sperm motility in college students：A short paper

Objective Male reproduction cell level were effect by intensity and amount of exercise, therefore, we investigate the effect on semen parameters from six weeks aerobic exercise on normal weight and obesity male. Methods Exercise intervention Participants completed 6 weeks of exercise intervention, 6 times per week and rest on Sunday. The exercise is composed of 20 push-ups and moderate intensity running 400 meters. The most suitable exercise heart rate (heart rate) = maximum heart rate of 75-80%, 8-10 minutes of warm-up exercise each time, the duration of each exercise duration is 60 minutes. Laboratory methods: BMI, body weight and Waist circumference were evaluated. Sperm count, percentage of sperm motility was evaluated. All subjects were requested to observe a 3 to 4day abstinence period before provide a semen sample, and the subjects were no performance heavy exercise. Semen samples were obtained at the second peoples hospital of Dazhou city, China. Sperm motility and count were analyzed using the World Health Organization(WHO) 2000 definition. Results Characterization of the subjects: The baseline and Post-Pre Characteristics of the subjects were provided in Table 1. There were significant difference on body weight (p < 0.05), Waist circumference (p < 0.01) and BMI( p < 0.05) between normal weight group and obesity group. However, there was no significant difference on after of exercise intervention. There was not significantly increased on total sperm count, sperm motility (%) and sperm motility a (%). However, sperm motility b (%) was significantly increased trend after exercise intervention (p = 0.06), although there was only seven subjects. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that exercise-induced BMI declined-amplitude were significantly associated with increased sperm motility, this finding may be explained, at least in part, by an improvement of male reproductive health.  A significant correlation-trend was found between induced BMI# and sperm motility (%) (R2=0.77, p =0.12) in normal weight group, but not in obesity or all subjects

Satellite-based estimate of the variability of warm cloud properties associated with aerosol and meteorological conditions

Aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) is examined using 10 years of data from the MODIS/Terra (morning orbit) and MODIS/Aqua (afternoon orbit) satellites. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud properties retrieved from both sensors are used to explore in a statistical sense the morning-to-afternoon variation of cloud properties in conditions with low and high AOD, over both land and ocean. The results show that the interaction between aerosol particles and clouds is more complex and of greater uncertainty over land than over ocean. The variation in d(Cloud_X), defined as the mean change in cloud property Cloud_X between the morning and afternoon overpasses in high-AOD conditions minus that in low-AOD conditions, is different over land and ocean. This applies to cloud droplet effective radius (CDR), cloud fraction (CF) and cloud top pressure (CTP), but not to cloud optical thickness (COT) and cloud liquid water path (CWP). Both COT and CWP increase over land and ocean after the time step, irrespective of the AOD. However, the initial AOD conditions can affect the amplitude of variation of COT and CWP. The effects of initial cloud fraction and meteorological conditions on the change in CF under lowand high-AOD conditions after the 3 h time step over land are also explored. Two cases are considered: (1) when the cloud cover increases and (2) when the cloud cover decreases. For both cases, we find that almost all values of d(CF) are positive, indicating that the variations of CF are larger in high AOD than that in low AOD after the 3 h time step. The results also show that a large increase in cloud fraction occurs when scenes experience large AOD and stronger upward motion of air parcels. Furthermore, the increase rate of cloud cover is larger for high AOD with increasing relative humidity (RH) when RH is larger than 20 %. We also find that a smaller increase in cloud fraction occurs when scenes experience larger AOD and larger initial cloud cover. Overall, the analysis of the diurnal variation of cloud properties provides a better understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction over land and ocean.Peer reviewe

Chlorella pyrenoidosa mitigated the negative effect of cylindrospermopsin-producing and non-cylindrospermopsin-producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii on Daphnia magna as a dietary supplement

Feeding effects are crucial for evaluating the capacity of zooplankton to regulate phytoplankton populations within freshwater ecosystems. To examine the impact of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii, which occurs in tropical and subtropical freshwaters, on the growth of zooplankton Daphnia in relation to toxins, filament length and fatty acid content, we fed D. magna with R. raciborskii only (cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing and non-CYN-producing, as the negative controls), Chlorella pyrenoidosa only (as the positive control) and a mixed diet containing R. raciborskii (CYN-producing and non-CYN-producing) and C. pyrenoidosa. Consequently, our findings revealed that the toxic effect of CYN-producing R. raciborskii strains on Daphnia was mitigated by the coexistence of C. pyrenoidosa containing stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4 ω3) in mixed diets. This was evident in the elevated survival rate compared that from diets containing only R. raciborskii and a significantly higher reproduction and population intrinsic increase rate compared to diets consisting of only R. raciborskii or C. pyrenoidos. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6) and the population intrinsic increase rate of Daphnia; notably, R. raciborskii strains were found to be rich in the ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ARA. These outcomes reinforce the crucial role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting the population increase of crustacean zooplankton, which has long been neglected. Furthermore, our results underscore the potential effectiveness of zooplankton, particularly in temperate lakes, in controlling CYN-producing R. raciborskii populations

Effects of the stem extracts of Schisandra glaucescens Diels on collagen-induced arthritis in Balb/c mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance Schisandra glaucescens Diels (SGD) is used in a subclass of traditional Chinese medicine known as “Tujia drugs”. It has been long used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cough with dyspnea, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, chronic diarrhea, and neurasthenia. As a woody liana growing in mountain jungles at the altitudes of 750–1800 m, it is mainly distributed in Sichuan and Hubei Provinces of China. Aim of the study To evaluate the antiarthritic activity of acetate (EA) and n-butanol (Bu) fractions of SGD extract on a collagen-induced arthritis mice model. Materials and methods Acute toxicity of EA and Bu fractions of SGD extract was evaluated by gavage on normal mice. Pharmacological investigations were conducted on arthritis male Balb/c mice. The animal model was induced by immunization with type II bovine collagen (CII) on the 1st and the 14th day of the experimental schedule. EA fraction (104, 312, 936 mg/kg), Bu fraction (156, 469, 1407 mg/kg) of SGD extract was orally administered every two days since the 15th day for 3 weeks. Progression of edema in the paws was measured using a vernier caliper every 3 days since the 10th day. At the end of the experiment, the spleen index and histological changes of the hind knee joints were investigated. Additionally, to explore the possible antirheumatic mechanisms of the EA and Bu fractions, ELISA was carried out to analyze TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β in the serum. Results The half lethal doses of both EA and Bu fractions were much higher than the dose administered in the pharmacological investigations. Oral administration of EA fraction and Bu fraction of SGD extract significantly and does-dependently inhibited type ІІ collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, as indicated by the effects on paws swelling and spleen index. Histopathological examinations demonstrated that SGD effectively protected the bones and cartilages of knee joints from erosion, lesion and deformation. Besides, the serum concentrations of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly lower than the ones from the vehicle control group. Respectively, while cytokine IL-10 was remarkably higher compare with the vehicle control group. Conclusions SGD might be a safe and effective candidate for the treatment of RA, and deserves further investigation on the chemical components in both EA and Bu fractions of SGD extract

Pore Scale Characterisation of Coal: An Unconventional Challenge

oal seam gas is an unconventional resource for natural gas that is becoming popular due to its environmental benefit and abundance. This paper reviews recent developments on the pore-scale characterisation of coal from coal seam gas reserviors. The development of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging has enabled for the 3D characterization of the fracture system in coals. This provides detailed insights into understanding flow in these unconventional reservoirs. A novel image calibration method in which the skeleton of the fracture system is obtained from micro-CT imaging while the fracture apertures are measured from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is described. We also show the application of micro-CT imaging for studying diffusion processes in ultralow permeability matrices and discuss the incorporation of the data into calculations of gas production from unconventional reservoirs. The extraction of statistical information from micro-CT images to reconstruct coal cleat system are also demonstrated. This technique allows for preserving the key attributes of the cleat system while the generated fracture network is not limited in terms of size nor resolution. The developments of microfluidic methods for understanding the complex displacement mechanisms in coal seams are also described. These low-cost experimental methods can provide unique information about the displacement mechanisms occurring during gas production from coal seam reservoirs. Variation of coal contact angle with pressure is analysed and results demonstrate important wettability processes that occur in coal seams. We describe numerical methods for prediction of petrophysical properties from micro-CT images of coal and discuss the associated limitations when dealing with coal samples. The paper concludes by addressing the challenges faced when characterising coal at the micro-scale and approaches for population of coal data into reservoir simulators for relaible prediction of reservoir behaviour during gas production as well as CO2 sequestration in coalbeds