20,659 research outputs found
Organosulfates as Tracers for Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) Formation from 2‑Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol (MBO) in the Atmosphere
2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is an important biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted by pine trees and a potential precursor of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in forested regions. In the present study, hydroxyl radical (OH)-initiated oxidation of MBO was examined in smog chambers under varied initial nitric oxide (NO) and aerosol acidity levels. Results indicate measurable SOA from MBO under low-NO conditions. Moreover, increasing aerosol acidity was found to enhance MBO SOA. Chemical characterization of laboratory-generated MBO SOA reveals that an organosulfate species (C_5H_(12)O_6S, MW 200) formed and was substantially enhanced with elevated aerosol acidity. Ambient fine aerosol (PM_(2.5)) samples collected from the BEARPEX campaign during 2007 and 2009, as well as from the BEACHON-RoMBAS campaign during 2011, were also analyzed. The MBO-derived organosulfate characterized from laboratory-generated aerosol was observed in PM_(2.5) collected from these campaigns, demonstrating that it is a molecular tracer for MBO-initiated SOA in the atmosphere. Furthermore, mass concentrations of the MBO-derived organosulfate are well correlated with MBO mixing ratio, temperature, and acidity in the field campaigns. Importantly, this compound accounted for an average of 0.25% and as high as 1% of the total organic aerosol mass during BEARPEX 2009. An epoxide intermediate generated under low-NO conditions is tentatively proposed to produce MBO SOA
An Exploratory Assessment of LLM's Potential Toward Flight Trajectory Reconstruction Analysis
Large Language Models (LLMs) hold transformative potential in aviation,
particularly in reconstructing flight trajectories. This paper investigates
this potential, grounded in the notion that LLMs excel at processing sequential
data and deciphering complex data structures. Utilizing the LLaMA 2 model, a
pre-trained open-source LLM, the study focuses on reconstructing flight
trajectories using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data with
irregularities inherent in real-world scenarios. The findings demonstrate the
model's proficiency in filtering noise and estimating both linear and curved
flight trajectories. However, the analysis also reveals challenges in managing
longer data sequences, which may be attributed to the token length limitations
of LLM models. The study's insights underscore the promise of LLMs in flight
trajectory reconstruction and open new avenues for their broader application
across the aviation and transportation sectors.Comment: 6 page
MgB2 tunnel junctions and 19 K low-noise dc superconducting quantum interference devices
Point contact junctions made from two pieces of MgB2 can be adjusted to
exhibit either superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) or
superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) current-voltage
characteristics. The SIS characteristics are in good agreement with the
standard tunneling model for s-wave superconductors, and yield an energy gap of
(2.02 +/- 0.08) meV. The SNS characteristics are in good agreement with the
predictions of the resistively-shunted junction model. DC Superconducting
QUantum Interference Devices made from two SNS junctions yield magnetic field
noise as low as 35 fT/Hz^{1/2} at 19 K.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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