Identification of Free and Bound Exciton States and Their Phase-Dependent Trapping Behavior in Lead Halide Perovskites

In this work we probe the sub-gap energy states within polycrystalline and single crystal lead halide perovskites to better understand their intrinsic photophysics behaviors. Through combined temperature and intensity-dependent optical measurements, we reveal the existence of both free and bound exciton contributions within the sub-gap energy state manifold. The trapping and recombination dynamics of these excitons is shown to be strongly dependent on the structural phase of the perovskite. The orthorhombic phase exhibits ultrafast exciton trapping and distinct trap emission, while the tetragonal phase gives low monomolecular recombination velocity and capture cross-sections (~10-18 cm2). Within the multiphonon transition scenario, this suppression in charge trapping is caused by the increase in the charge capture activation energy due to the reduction in electron-lattice interactions, which can be the origin for the unexpected long carrier lifetime in these material systems.Comment: 5 figure

Synergistic Modulation of Sn-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Crystallization and Interface Engineering

A high-quality Sn-based perovskite absorption layer and effective carrier transport are the basis for high-performance Sn-based perovskite solar cells. The suppression of Sn2+ oxidation and rapid crystallization is the key to obtaining high-quality Sn-based perovskite film. And interface engineering is an effective strategy to enhance carrier extraction and transport. In this work, tin fluoride (SnF2) was introduced to the perovskite precursor solution, which can effectively modulate the crystallization and morphology of Sn-based perovskite layer. Furthermore, the hole-transporting layer of PEDOT:PSS was modified with CsI to enhance the hole extraction and transport. As a result, the fabricated inverted Sn-based perovskite solar cells demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 7.53% with enhanced stability

Coupled Thermo-Structural Analysis Model of Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle considering the Variation of Friction Coefficient under Operating Conditions

Multi-interface is a typical feature of solid rocket motor nozzles, and the interface evolution law is an important aspect to analyze the thermo-structural response of solid rocket motor nozzles. In this paper, based on the friction coefficient test at different temperatures, a coupled thermo-structural analysis model of solid rocket motor nozzle considering the variation of friction coefficient under operating conditions was established. Firstly, the friction coefficient was tested to model the variation at different temperatures. Then, by adopting structure gap, variable friction coefficient, thermal contact resistance, and friction heat production, a strongly coupled non-linear model was established. Simulations using the non-linear model and traditional model were performed, in which the stress of the throat insert was within the required stress range of the material. The ground firing test result demonstrated the validity of the analysis model, and the non-linear model was in a better agreement with the firing test than the traditional model. Therefore, it can be concluded that with a more specific friction coefficient to represent the friction behaviour of the different parts of the nozzle, the strongly coupled non-linear model established in this paper can reflect the essence of thermo-structural response of solid rocket motor nozzle

Data_Sheet_2_Cuproptosis key gene FDX1 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in glioma.CSV

Recent studies have found that the protein encoded by the FDX1 gene is involved in mediating Cuproptosis as a regulator of protein lipoylation and related to immune response process of tumors. However, the specific biological function of FDX1 in glioma is currently unclear. To explore the potential function of FDX1, this study explored the correlation between the expression of FDX1 in cancers and survival prognosis by analyzing the public databases of GEPIA and Cbioportal. Immune infiltration was analyzed by the TIMER2.0 database in tumors. The possible biological processes and functions of FDX1-related in glioma were annotated through gene enrichment. Relationship between Cuproptosis and autophagy was explored through gene co-expression studies. Summary and conclusions of this study: (1) FDX1 is highly expressed in gliomas and associated with poor prognosis in low-grade gliomas (LGG). (2) Gene annotation indicates that FDX1 is mainly involved in the tumor protein lipoylation and cell death. (3) FDX1 expression is positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells. (4) LIPT2 and NNAT, two other genes involved in lipoylation, may be unidentified marker gene for Cuproptosis. And the Cuproptosis genes related to FDX1 were positively correlated with the expression of autophagy marker genes Atg5, Atg12, and BECN-1. This evidence suggests that there may be some interaction between FDX1 mediated Cuproptosis and autophagy. In summary, FDX1 may serve as a potential immunotherapy target and prognostic marker for Glioma.</p