An investigation of annealing methods for benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodanine based all small molecule organic solar cells

Mainstream organic solar cells (OSCs) suffer a great variation of photovoltaic performance among different batches of polymers, which brings an opportunity for all-small-molecule OSCs to take leading position of industrialization. In recent years, benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodamine (BTR), as small molecule donor, has played an important role in this field. Here we investigated two typical BTR based all-small-molecule OSCs processed with different annealing methods, to explore the morphology optimization brought by them. As a result, BTR:PC71BM system was optimized by solvent vapor annealing (SVA) reaching an excellent fill factor (FF) of 79.1% via tuning molecular packing intensity, while BTR:Y6 with temperature annealing (TA) yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.125% whose molecular packing orientation had been changed. Additionally, by crossing using SVA and TA methods, we found that these two method can't be utilized together to further improve the PCE for either system. Therefore, our work offers better PCEs for these two reported combinations and further studies the compatibility between specific BTR based active layers and designated annealing methods, providing deeper understanding of device engineering on all-small-molecule OSCs.publishe

The Size-Mass Relation of Post-Starburst Galaxies in the Local Universe

We present a study of the size--mass relation for local post-starburst (PSB) galaxies at $z\lesssim0.33$ selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8. We find that PSB galaxies with stellar mass ($M_*$) at $10^9~M_{\odot}<M_*<10^{12}~M_{\odot}$ have their galaxy size smaller than or comparable with those of quiescent galaxies (QGs). After controlling redshift and stellar mass, the sizes of PSBs are $\sim 13\%$ smaller on average than those of QGs, such differences become larger and significant towards the low-$M_*$ end, especially at $10^{9.5}~M_{\odot} \lesssim M_*\lesssim 10^{10.5}~M_{\odot}$ where PSBs can be on average $\sim 19\%$ smaller than QGs. In comparison with predictions of possible PSB evolutionary pathways from cosmological simulations, we suggest that a fast quenching of star formation following a short-lived starburst event (might be induced by major merger) should be the dominated pathway of our PSB sample. Furthermore, by cross-matching with group catalogs, we confirm that local PSBs at $M_*\lesssim10^{10}~M_{\odot}$ are more clustered than more massive ones. PSBs resided in groups are found to be slightly larger in galaxy size and more disk-like compared to field PSBs, which is qualitatively consistent with and thus hints the environment-driven fast quenching pathway for group PSBs. Taken together, our results support multiple evolutionary pathways for local PSB galaxies: while massive PSBs are thought of as products of fast quenching following a major merger-induced starburst, environment-induced fast quenching should play a role in the evolution of less massive PSBs, especially at $M_*\lesssim 10^{10}~M_{\odot}$.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Ap

Concomitant pulmonary and thyroid tumors identified by FDG PET/CT and immunohistochemical techniques

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The exact diagnosis of double primary papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid and lung is even rarer, to our knowledge no report in the literature by [¹⁸F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/X-ray CT(FDG PET/CT) with surgical specimens immunohistochemistry(IHC). We report a patient with abnormal FDG PET/CT in thyroid and lung, this unusual presentation may lead to misdiagnosis without surgical specimens IHC.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 56-year-old man with coughing three months. FDG PET/CT was performed, and resection specimens of lung and thyroid were detected by hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) and IHC. PET/CT: lung tumor SUVmax: 3.69, delay: 5.17; and thyroid tumor SUVmax 19.97. HE reveal papillary adenocarcinoma, but histological differentiation of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma from metastatic adenocarcinoma is sometimes difficult because of their phenotypic similarities. So IHC was performed, the IHC of lung tumor: cytokeratin 20 (CK20)(-), thyroglobulin(Tg)(-), cytokeratin7(CK7)(+), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1)(+); thyroid tumor: CK7(+), TTF-1(+), thyroglobulin (+), CK20(-). Therefore, the final diagnosis was double primary adenocarcinomas of thyroid and lung.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>FDG PET/CT has preliminary diagnostic capacity of multiple primary tumors; the final diagnosis should be adopted for specimens after tumor-specific markers IHC to obtain. Consequently, effective therapeutic approaches can be designed and conducted.</p

Phase-locking matter-wave interferometer of vortex states

Matter-wave interferometer of ultracold atoms with different linear momenta has been extensively studied in theory and experiment. The vortex matter-wave interferometer with different angular momenta is applicable as a quantum sensor for measuring the rotation, interatomic interaction, geometric phase, etc. Here we report the first experimental realization of a vortex matter-wave interferometer by coherently transferring the optical angular momentum to an ultracold Bose condensate. After producing a lossless interferometer with atoms only populating the two spin states, we demonstrate that the phase difference between the interferences in the two spin states is locked on $\pi$. We also demonstrate the robustness of this out-of-phase relation, which is independent of the angular-momentum difference between the two interfering vortex states, constituent of Raman optical fields and expansion of the condensate. The experimental results agree well with the calculation from the unitary evolution of wave packet in quantum mechanics. This work opens a new way to build a quantum sensor and measure the atomic correlation in quantum gases.Comment: 5 figure