The Diphoton Excess, Low Energy Theorem and the 331 Model

We interpret the diphoton anomaly as a heavy scalar $H_3$ in the so-called 331 model. The scalar is responsible for breaking the $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry down to the standard model electroweak gauge group. It mainly couples to the standard model gluons and photons through quantum loops involving heavy quarks and leptons. Those quarks and leptons, in together with the SM quarks and leptons, form the fundamental representation of the 331 model. We use low energy theorem to calculate effective coupling of $H_3gg$, $H_3\gamma\gamma$, $H_3ZZ$, $H_3WW$ and $H_3Z\gamma$. The analytical results can be applied to new physics models satisfying the low energy theorem. We show that the heavy quark and lepton contribution cannot produce enough diphoton pairs. It is crucial to include the contribution of charged scalars to explain the diphoton excess. The extra neutral $Z^\prime$ boson could also explain the 2 TeV diboson excess observed at the LHC Run-I.Comment: To appear in PR

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast synaptic cholinergic transmission in the insect central nervous system. The insect nAChR is the molecular target of a class of insecticides, neonicotinoids. Like mammalian nAChRs, insect nAChRs are considered to be made up of five subunits, coded by homologous genes belonging to the same family. The nAChR subunit genes of <it>Drosophila melanogaster</it>, <it>Apis mellifera </it>and <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>have been cloned previously based on their genome sequences. The silkworm <it>Bombyx mori </it>is a model insect of Lepidoptera, among which are many agricultural pests. Identification and characterization of <it>B. mori </it>nAChR genes could provide valuable basic information for this important family of receptor genes and for the study of the molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoid action and resistance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We searched the genome sequence database of <it>B. mori </it>with the fruit fly and honeybee nAChRs by tBlastn and cloned all putative silkworm nAChR cDNAs by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. <it>B. mori </it>appears to have the largest known insect nAChR gene family to date, including nine α-type subunits and three β-type subunits. The silkworm possesses three genes having low identity with others, including one α and two β subunits, α9, β2 and β3. Like the fruit fly and honeybee counterparts, silkworm nAChR gene α6 has RNA-editing sites, and α4, α6 and α8 undergo alternative splicing. In particular, alternative exon 7 of Bmα8 may have arisen from a recent duplication event. Truncated transcripts were found for Bmα4 and Bmα5.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>B. mori </it>possesses a largest known insect nAChR gene family characterized to date, including nine α-type subunits and three β-type subunits. RNA-editing, alternative splicing and truncated transcripts were found in several subunit genes, which might enhance the diversity of the gene family.</p

Alimentary canal of the lesser house fly, Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Fanniidae)

The alimentary canal of Fannia canicularis was studied intensively for the first time, highlighting the description of morphological characteristics and providing detailed morphometric data. Two pairs of Malpighian tubules with considerably different length were found which has been rarely documented for Calyptratae flies before. Furthermore, stout cardia and sinewy crop of the samples were ob- served and supposed to be responsible for the energy needed to support the long- time swarming behavior of the species

Description of females of Fannia imperatoria Nishida and Phaonia vagata Xue & Wang (Diptera: Muscoidea)

The females of Fannia imperatoria Nishida and Phaonia vagata Xue &amp; Wang are recorded for the first time. Detailed descriptions of the females of these two species are provided based on the newly found specimens. The specimens studied are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University