Four Facets of Privacy and Intellectual Freedom in Licensing Contracts for Electronic Journals

This is a study of the treatment of library patron privacy in licenses for electronic journals in academic libraries. We begin by distinguishing four facets of privacy and intellectual freedom based on the LIS and philosophical literature. Next, we perform a content analysis of 42 license agreements for electronic journals, focusing on terms for enforcing authorized use and collection and sharing of user data. We compare our findings to model licenses, to recommendations proposed in a recent treatise on licenses, and to our account of the four facets of intellectual freedom. We find important conflicts with each

Discussions of Racial Difference and the Effect on Client Ratings of the Working Alliance and Counselor

Fifty-one clients were surveyed to examine the effect of counselor discussion of racial and ethnic differences in counseling. Analyses revealed that White counselors who discussed these differences with their clients of color were rated as more credible and as having stronger working alliances than those who did not discuss such differences. Se entrevistó a cincuenta y un clientes para examinar los efectos de la discusión por parte del consejero de las diferencias raciales y étnicas en consejería. L os análisis revelaron que los consejeros Blancos que discutieron estas diferencias con sus clientes de color fueron valorados como más fiables y con alianzas de trabajo más sólidas que aquellos que no discutieron tales diferencias

Outgassing history of Venus and the absence of water on Venus

Similarities in the size and mean density of Earth and Venus encourage the use of Earth-analogue models for the evolution of Venus. However, the amount of water in the present Venus atmosphere is miniscule compared to Earth's oceans. The 'missing' water is thus one of the most significant problems related to the origin and evolution of Venus. Other researchers proposed that Venus accreted with less water, but this was challenged. The high D/H ratio in Venus' atmosphere is consistent with an earlier water mass more than 100 times higher than at present conditions and is often cited to support a 'wet' Venus, but this amounts to only 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the water in terrestrial oceans and the high D/H ratio on Venus could easily reflect cometary injection. Nevertheless, many authors begin with the premise that Venus once had an oceanlike water mass on its surface, and investigate the many possible mechanisms that might account for its loss. In this paper we propose that Venus degassed to lower degree than the Earth and never had an oceanlike surface water mass

Manin Triples for Lie Bialgebroids

In his study of Dirac structures, a notion which includes both Poisson structures and closed 2-forms, T. Courant introduced a bracket on the direct sum of vector fields and 1-forms. This bracket does not satisfy the Jacobi identity except on certain subspaces. In this paper we systematize the properties of this bracket in the definition of a Courant algebroid. This structure on a vector bundle $E\rightarrow M$, consists of an antisymmetric bracket on the sections of $E$ whose ``Jacobi anomaly'' has an explicit expression in terms of a bundle map $E\rightarrow TM$ and a field of symmetric bilinear forms on $E$. When $M$ is a point, the definition reduces to that of a Lie algebra carrying an invariant nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form. For any Lie bialgebroid $(A,A^{*})$ over $M$ (a notion defined by Mackenzie and Xu), there is a natural Courant algebroid structure on $A\oplus A^{*}$ which is the Drinfel'd double of a Lie bialgebra when $M$ is a point. Conversely, if $A$ and $A^*$ are complementary isotropic subbundles of a Courant algebroid $E$, closed under the bracket (such a bundle, with dimension half that of $E$, is called a Dirac structure), there is a natural Lie bialgebroid structure on $(A,A^{*})$ whose double is isomorphic to $E$. The theory of Manin triples is thereby extended from Lie algebras to Lie algebroids. Our work gives a new approach to bihamiltonian structures and a new way of combining two Poisson structures to obtain a third one. We also take some tentative steps toward generalizing Drinfel'd's theory of Poisson homogeneous spaces from groups to groupoids.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX2e (minor corrections, added section at end), final version of paper to appear in J. Diff. Geo

Frequency response of space-based interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

Gravitational waves are perturbations of the metric of space-time. Six polarizations are possible, although general relativity predicts that only two such polarizations, tensor plus and tensor cross are present for gravitational waves. We give the analytical formulas for the antenna response functions for the six polarizations which are valid for any equal-arm interferometric gravitational-wave detectors without optical cavities in the arms.The response function averaged over the source direction and polarization angle decreases at high frequencies which deteriorates the signal-to-noise ratio registered in the detector. At high frequencies, the averaged response functions for the tensor and breathing modes fall of as $1/f^2$, the averaged response function for the longitudinal mode falls off as $1/f$ and the averaged response function for the vector mode falls off as $\ln(f)/f^2$.Comment: V3: minor corrections. PRD in pres