Riemann-Liouville Fractional Cosine Functions

In this paper, a new notion, named Riemann-Liouville fractional cosine function is presented. It is proved that a Riemann-Liouville $\alpha$-order fractional cosine function is equivalent to Riemann-Liouville $\alpha$-order fractional resolvents introduced in [Z.D. Mei, J.G. Peng, Y. Zhang, Math. Nachr. 288, No. 7, 784-797 (2015)]

Enhanced Fluorescence of Gold Nanoclusters Composed of HAuCl 4 and Histidine by Glutathione: Glutathione Detection and Selective Cancer Cell Imaging

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110038/1/smll201401658-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110038/2/smll201401658.pd

Constitutive hyperproduction of sorbicillinoids in Trichoderma reesei ZC121

Abstract Background In addition to its outstanding cellulase production ability, Trichoderma reesei produces a wide variety of valuable secondary metabolites, the production of which has not received much attention to date. Among them, sorbicillinoids, a large group of hexaketide secondary metabolites derived from polyketides, are drawing a growing interest from researchers because they exhibit a variety of important biological functions, including anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. The development of fungi strains with constitutive, hyperproduction of sorbicillinoids is thus desired for future industry application but is not well-studied. Moreover, although T. reesei has been demonstrated to produce sorbicillinoids with the corresponding gene cluster and biosynthesis pathway proposed, the underlying molecular mechanism governing sorbicillinoid biosynthesis remains unknown. Results Recombinant T. reesei ZC121 was constructed from strain RUT-C30 by the insertion of the gene 12121-knockout cassette at the telomere of T. reesei chromosome IV in consideration of the off-target mutagenesis encountered during the unsuccessful deletion of gene 121121. Strain ZC121, when grown on cellulose, showed a sharp reduction of cellulase production, but yet a remarkable enhancement of sorbicillinoids production as compared to strain RUT-C30. The hyperproduction of sorbicillinoids is a constitutive process, independent of culture conditions such as carbon source, light, pH, and temperature. To the best of our knowledge, strain ZC121 displays record sorbicillinoid production levels when grown on both glucose and cellulose. Sorbicillinol and bisvertinolone are the two major sorbicillinoid compounds produced. ZC121 displayed a different morphology and markedly reduced sporulation compared to RUT-C30 but had a similar growth rate and biomass. Transcriptome analysis showed that most genes involved in cellulase production were downregulated significantly in ZC121 grown on cellulose, whereas remarkably all genes in the sorbicillinoid gene cluster were upregulated on both cellulose and glucose. Conclusion A constitutive sorbicillinoid-hyperproduction strain T. reesei ZC121 was obtained by off-target mutagenesis, displaying an overwhelming shift from cellulase production to sorbicillinoid production on cellulose, leading to a record for sorbicillinoid production. For the first time, T. reesei degraded cellulose to produce platform chemical compounds other than protein in high yield. We propose that the off-target mutagenesis occurring at the telomere region might cause chromosome remodeling and subsequently alter the cell structure and the global gene expression pattern of strain ZC121, as shown by phenotype profiling and comparative transcriptome analysis of ZC121. Overall, T. reesei ZC121 holds great promise for the industrial production of sorbicillinoids and serves as a good model to explore the regulation mechanism of sorbicillinoids’ biosynthesis.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146139/1/13068_2018_Article_1296.pd

Enhanced surface acceleration of fast electrons by using sub-wavelength grating targets

Surface acceleration of fast electrons in intense laser-plasma interaction is improved by using sub-wavelength grating targets. The fast electron beam emitted along the target surface was enhanced by more than three times relative to that by using planar target. The total number of the fast electrons ejected from the front side of target was also increased by about one time. The method to enhance the surface acceleration of fast electron is effective for various targets with sub-wavelength structured surface, and can be applied widely in the cone-guided fast ignition, energetic ion acceleration, plasma device, and other high energy density physics experiments.Comment: 14 pages, 4figure

Parallel momentum distribution of the 28^{28}Si fragments from 29^{29}P

Distribution of the parallel momentum of $^{28}$Si fragments from the breakup of 30.7 MeV/nucleon $^{29}$P has been measured on C targets. The distribution has the FWHM with the value of 110.5 $\pm$ 23.5 MeV/c which is consistent quantitatively with Galuber model calculation assuming by a valence proton in $^{29}$P. The density distribution is also predicted by Skyrme-Hartree-Fock calculation. Results show that there might exist the proton-skin structure in $^{29}$P.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Synthesis and characterization of covalently linked porphyrin-fullerene compounds

The covalently linked porphyrin-fullerene dyads were synthesized. The ligand 5-[4-(4"-Phenoxybutoxy) phenyl]-N-(2-methyl)fulleropyrrolidine-10,15,20-tri-(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2P-C-60) was synthesized by 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction with C-60, sarcosine and H2P-CHO. The zinc porphyrin-fullerene was prepared by metalation of H2P-C-60 and zinc acetate. The compounds were characterized by meams of IR, UV-Vis, ESI-MS, elemental analysis, and H-1 NMR