Scaling properties of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

The scaling properties of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence are obtained from direct numerical simulations of decaying turbulence using $512^3$ modes. The results indicate that the turbulence does not follow the Iroshnikov-Kraichnan phenomenology.In the case of hyperresistivity, the structure functions exhibit a clear scaling range yielding absolute values of the scaling exponents $\zeta_p$. The scaling exponents agree with a modified She-Leveque model $\zeta_p=p/9 + 1 - (1/3)^{p/3}$, corresponding to Kolmogorov scaling but sheet-like geometry of the dissipative structures

Influence of calcination temperature on structural and magnetic properties of nanocomposites formed by Co-ferrite dispersed in sol-gel silica matrix using tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) orthosilicate as precursor

Effects of calcination temperatures varying from 400 to 1000°C on structural and magnetic properties of nanocomposites formed by Co-ferrite dispersed in the sol-gel silica matrix using tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) orthosilicate (THEOS) as water-soluble silica precursor have been investigated. Studies carried out using XRD, FT-IR, TEM, STA (TG-DTG-DTA) and VSM techniques. Results indicated that magnetic properties of samples such as superparamagnetism and ferromagnetism showed great dependence on the variation of the crystallinity and particle size caused by the calcination temperature. The crystallization, saturation magnetization Ms and remenant magnetization Mr increased as the calcination temperature increased. But the variation of coercivity Hc was not in accordance with that of Ms and Mr, indicating that Hc is not determined only by the crystallinity and size of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. TEM images showed spherical nanoparticles dispersed in the silica network with sizes of 10-30 nm. Results showed that the well-established silica network provided nucleation locations for CoFe2O4 nanoparticles to confinement the coarsening and aggregation of nanoparticles. THEOS as silica matrix network provides an ideal nucleation environment to disperse CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and thus to confine them to aggregate and coarsen. By using THEOS as water-soluble silica precursor over the currently used TEOS and TMOS, the organic solvents are not needed owing to the complete solubility of THEOS in water. Synthesized nanocomposites with adjustable particle sizes and controllable magnetic properties make the applicability of Co-ferrite even more versatile

Cuckoo search: recent advances and applications

Cuckoo search (CS) is a relatively new algorithm, developed by Yang and Deb in 2009, and CS is efficient in solving global optimization problems. In this paper, we review the fundamental ideas of cuckoo search and the latest developments as well as its applications. We analyze the algorithm and gain insight into its search mechanisms and find out why it is efficient. We also discuss the essence of algorithms and its link to self-organizing systems, and finally we propose some important topics for further research.Comment: 9 page