Оценка условий кратковременного отдыха в малых агломерациях Казахстана (Актобе, Кызылорда, Жаркент)

The importance of touristic development depends not only on big cities that have international value but also on small and medium cities that has regional value. In this article we analyze current conditions of short-term vacation in three small size metropolises of Kazakhstan — Aktobe, Kizilorda, Zharkent. The research is devoted to architectural and planning aspects of Kazakhstan’s tourism development. The most important original data for analysis resulted from social and on-site surveys of considered territories. The results of the survey could be used to enhance current architectural and planning practice.Большую роль в развитии туристической отрасли играют не только крупнейшие города (обладающие международным значением), но также малые и средние города (обладающие региональным значением). Данная статья посвящена анализу существующих условий для кратковременного отдыха в трех городах Казахстана, обладающих признаками агломераций — Актобе, Кызылорда, Жаркент. Анализ проводится в контексте изучения архитектурно-планировочных аспектов развития туризма в Казахстане. Исходными данными для анализа послужили результаты анкетного опроса и натурного обследования рассматриваемых территорий. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в архитектурной и градостроительной практике

Stereochemical Peculiarities of the Products of Condensation of Piperidine-4-one with Aromatic Aldehydes

This paper presents the results of investigations on conformation peculiarities of the condensation products of piperidine-4-ones containing arylidene, hydroxyarylmethyl as well as both arylidene and hydroxyarylmethyl substituents. Synthesized α, β-unsaturated ketones can be used to investigate conformation of cycles fixing a conjugated system of carbonyl and double bonds. Synthesis of α, β-unsaturated piperidine-4-ones was carried out according to the reaction of Claisen-Schmidt by condensation of piperidine-4-ones with aromatic aldehydes. The reaction was carried out in methanol medium in the presence of an alkaline agent. High resolution 1H and 13C NMR resonance assignments and conformational assignments were carried out for four 3- arylidene or hydroxyarylmethyl and 3- arylidene-5- hydroxyarylmethyl substituted piperidine-4-ones (1-4). As a result of the initial aldol condensation of piperidine-4-ones with aromatic aldehydes an aryloxymethyl group in the intermediate compound can have both an equatorial and axial position. Conformation of a conjugated system proved to be electronically effected by the presence of nitrogen atom in the heterocycle. At the same time, conformation peculiarities of α, β-unsaturated ketones under study are developed at the stage of their synthesis. This is explained by the fact that in the course of the reaction there appears a new sp2 -centre, this resulting in our case in the change of the conformation of “a chair”. There takes place flattening of the structure and fixation of s-cis conformation. Furfurilidene substituent is conjugated with a carbonyl group, there forms a planar structure including 2, 3, 4 and 5 atoms of hydrogen of piperidine cycle and furfurilidene substituent and there exist two isomers with cis- (A) and trans- (B) position of a furyl ring at double bond in relation to a carbonyl group

The Peculiarities of Interactions in the System Containing Polyethyleneimine and Unithiol

Interaction processes of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with unithiol were investigated by potentiometric, conductometric and viscosimetric methods. It was stated that in the PEI-unithiol system a complex acidbasic interaction resulted in the formation of salt complex of 2:1 composition. On the basis of experimental data it was stated that complex PEI-unithiol is perspective as a polyadsorbent for many metal ions

Structure and swelling of polymer-clay composites

Composition gels on the basis of bentonite clay of Manrak deposit (East-Kazakhstan region) and nonionogenic polymers - poly-2-hydroxyethyl-acrylate and polyacrylamide were synthesized by radical intercalative polymerization in situ with various content o f cross-linking agent N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide and with time of intercalation about 8 hours. The morphological structure, the nature of interaction of components and the swelling ability of composition gels were studied by scanner electron microscopy, equilibrium swelling and IR- spectroscopy methods. By studying of morphological structure it was determined, that the polymer-clay composition gels, synthesized by intercalative polymerization, are most homogenous and interconsistency in case of "acrylamide-clay" composition in contrast with "2-hydroxyethylacrylate-clay" composition. For "acrylamide-clay" gels the swelling degree of gels was stated to decrease with the increase in the content of cross-linking agent and ionic strength, but "2-hydroxyethylacrylate -clay" compositions have the extremely character of swelling, where maximum degree of swelling account for gel with content of cross-linking agent 1*10-2 M. Interaction of composition components was realized on account of hydrogen bonds with formation of chemically cross-linked complex polymer-clay. Decrease of swelling degree of compositions in physiological solution points to acquisition of polyelectrolyte nature of composition gels on account of combination of nonionogenic macromolecules of polymers with negatively charged particles of bentonite clay. For intercalated samples of polymer-clay compositions, the degree of swelling at all degrees of cross-linking is between those for pure polymers and pure clay, that in turn, agrees with the conclusion on the great composition homogeneity of samples with preliminary intercalation. As of results of holding investigation fit is safe to say, that obtained polymer-clay composition gels are potential sorbents and prolongated carriers of medicin

Creation of Polymer Hydrogel Dressings with Herbal Medicinal Substance "Alkhydin" and their Properties

New hydrogel dressings containing the herbal medicinal substance "Alkhydin", obtained from the Kirghiz (Alhagi kirghisorum Schrenk), grown in Kazakhstan, were obtained by radiation irradiation of the initial reaction mixture (IRM). Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a molecular weight (MM) of 1 ppm was used to prepare hydrogel dressings as the main gelling polymer for IRM, agar-agar and lowmolecular polyethylene glycol MM = 600 were used as auxiliary substances. The main regularities of the formation of the three-dimensional structure of PVP under conditions of irradiation of IRM are investigated. It is shown that with increasing PVP in IRM, as well as irradiation dose, the yield of gel fraction increases and the degree of swelling decreases. Obviously, these effects are due to an increase in the degree of cross-linking of the polymer network formed. For the obtained hydrogel dressings containing the herbal medicinal substance Alkhydin, cytotoxic effects on the culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained by primary trypsinization were studied. The results obtained in this case testify to the absence of a cytotoxic effect on the cell culture. In conditions "in vivo" in rats using the model of thermal skin burn, the wound healing effect of hydrogel dressings with "Alkhydin" was studied. It is shown that such bandages show a pronounced wound-healing effect. This is evidenced by a higher rate of reduction in the area of the burn wound treated with a hydrogel dressing compared to the control

Synthesis of Clay Composites of Polyacrylamide and Poly-2-Hydroxyethylacrylate and Sorbtion Ability in the Case of Cetylpyridinium Bromide

By the three-dimensional polymerization of nonionic (polyhydroxyethylacrylate and polyacrylamide) polymers and bentonite clay from Manyrak deposit (East Kazakhstan Region) and with using of process preliminary intercalation of monomers in an aqueous suspension of bentonite (polymerization in situ) the chemically crosslinked composite gels were synthesized. Optimal conditions of synthesis and physicalchemical properties of composition gels were established. It was shown, that yield of gel fraction increases with increasing contents of bentonite clay. Insignificant adding of negative charged particles of bentonite clay gives to polymer gels of nonionic type polyelectrolyte character, that comes out in decreasing of swelling degree of gels under effect of ionic strength. By using physical and chemical methods of research: equilibrium swelling, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), sorption-desorption, etc. were shown the formation of compatible, homogeneous, swelling in water polyelectrolyte gels formed via hydrogen bonds between the components of the gel, stabilized by hydrophobic interactions of the organic polymer chains. The possibility of the regulation of swelling ability of the composite gels through varying of the outside and inside factors as: consist of the composition, conditions of intercalation, pH of the environment, temperature and ionic strength was established, that is stimulus sensitivity of gels. The sorbtion capacity of polymerclay composites in attitude surface active substance cetylpyridinium bromide were estimated. Increasing of temperature of environment and content of bentonite clay in composite promotes the process of sorbtion of surface-active substances. Considerably high sorption capacity of polymer clay composition based on more hydrophilic polymer – polyacrylamide was established. By the results of investigations one may, that synthesized polymer clay composites after suitable investigations can be recommend as sorbents of cationic surface active substances