Showing Israel the red card. Activists engaged in pro-Palestinian sport-related campaigns

© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This article explores the motivations of activists involved in pro-Palestinian sports-based campaigns. The activists’ intention is to bring pressure to bear upon Israel until it complies with international law and supports the rights of Palestinian people under the universal principles of human rights. In response to expressions of pro-Palestinian solidarity, the Israeli state and its supporters are interpreting such activity as a ‘new’ manifestation of ‘old’ antisemitism. In seeking to assess whether such activity is informed by antisemitism, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with activists to examine their motives. Their political biographies were explored as were their views on the use of sport as platform to express support for the Palestinian people and/or their displeasure at Israeli participation in international sport. One central theme was the activists’ responses to the suggestion that they were motivated by antisemitism. A qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed a shared observation that the accusation of antisemitism was a ‘shameless tactic’ employed by those seeking to cover up the ongoing injustices experienced by the Palestinian people. Sport was seen as a legitimate platform for political activity, to raise public awareness and to put pressure on the Israeli state. The findings contribute to a better understanding of activist motivations, the use of sport as a political platform and the challenges facing sport and its governing bodies

Israel and a sports boycott: Antisemitic? Anti-Zionist?

The paper identifies and summarises the debates that surround the place of Israel in international sport and assesses how that place is increasingly being contested. The long-standing conflict between Israel and Palestine has begun to manifest in the world of sport with the paper sketching the debates of those calling for, and those opposed to, sport sanctions/boycott of Israel until the ‘Palestinian Question’ is resolved. Five related tasks are addressed: first, to summarise the call for sanctions/boycott emanating from the Boycott, Disinvestment and Sanctions movement. Second, to explore how this call is establishing itself in the world of sport. The responses of those opposed to any form of sanction/boycott are then considered. The confusion that surrounds the term antisemitism is addressed and the relationship between (anti-) Zionism and antisemitism unpacked. The discussion concludes with an assessment of the claim made by the Israeli state, and its supporters, that any action against the country’s participation in international sport would be an act of antisemitism. Offering a timely, integrated summary of the heated debates that surround the Israel/Palestine conflict, the paper contributes to a wider discussion on the relationship between sport and politics

Sport and Peacebuilding in Israel/Palestine

Those working in the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) sector often claim that sport can, and does, make a difference. This article assesses this claim in the context of the conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians. Attention is given to the ‘peace’ component within the SDP initialism and on what ‘peace’ means in this conflict. An assessment is made of the work of thirteen organisations engaged in peacebuilding in this region. The article identifies that many of the sport-for-peace schemes involve Israelis and Palestinians/Arabs within Israel with few schemes seeking to involve Palestinians who live in the West Bank, in Gaza or in refugee camps in neighbouring countries. It is concluded that sport is not an appropriate vehicle for peacebuilding between Israelis and Palestinians because there is no peace – a necessary precursor for reconciliation. Realpolitik, in the form of Israeli territorial expansion and the Palestinian struggle for basic human rights, leaves sport-for-peace schemes attempting to build a bridge too far

Modélisation simplifiée des écoulements d'air dans un véhicule frigorifique

National audienceThis work is in keeping with a research activity led by the Cemagref aiming to optimise systems of air distribution in refrigerated vehicles in order to decrease the temperature scattering within the loading. The goal of this article is the development of a simplified model of air flows inside a vehicle loaded with pallets, while assimilating them to those of an hydraulic network. The experiments have been performed on a reduced model to the scale 1:3.3 of a tractor-trailer. Moreover, numerical simulations of air flows are achieved on the software Fluent. Results of the simplified model present a good qualitative agreement with the applied and numerical data.Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une activité de recherche menée par le Cemagref visant à optimiser les systèmes de distribution d'air dans les véhicules frigorifiques afin de diminuer la dispersion de température au sein du chargement. Cette étude a pour objet l'élaboration d'un modèle simplifié des écoulements d'air au sein d'un véhicule frigorifique chargé de palettes, en les assimilant à ceux d'un réseau maillé hydraulique. L'approche expérimentale est effectuée sur une maquette aéraulique à l'échelle 1/3,3 d'une semi-remorque frigorifique. Par ailleurs, des simulations numériques des écoulements sont réalisées sur le logiciel Fluent. Les résultats du modèle simplifié présentent un bon accord qualitatif avec les données expérimentales et numériques

Le maintien en température des denrées alimentaires transportées dans les véhicules frigorifiques

This study is part of a research carried out by Cemagref aiming at optimizing air distribution systems into refrigerated vehicles in order to decrease temperature differences throughout the cargo. This paper reports on the influence of air layer between pallet and vehicle side walls on the velocity and temperature distribution. The experiments are carried out on a semi-trailor reduced scale-model built with a ratio 1/3,3. The numerical modelling of airflow is performed on Fluent CFD code. The predicted results show a good agreement with experimental data.Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une activité de recherche menée par le Cemagref visant à optimiser les systèmes de distribution d'air dans les véhicules frigorifiques afin de diminuer la dispersion de température au sein du chargement. Cette étude a pour objet l'étude de l'influence de la distance du chargement par rapport aux parois latérales du véhicule frigorifique sur les distributions de vitesse et de température. L'approche expérimentale est effectuée sur une maquette aéraulique réalisée à l'échelle 1/3,3 d'une semi-remorque. La modélisation numérique des écoulements est réalisée sur le logiciel Fluent. Les résultats du modèle présentent un bon accord qualitatif avec les données expérimentales