The relationship between serology of hepatitis E virus with liver and kidney function in kidney transplant patients

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is well known to cause acute hepatitis, there are reports showing that HEV may also be responsible for progression of acute to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in patients receiving organ transplantation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in patients with kidney transplantation. In this study, 110 patients with kidney transplantation were recruited, and anti-HEV IgG, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the first, third and sixth months after renal transplantation were measured. The mean serum anti-HEV IgG titers in the study participants was 1.36 (range 0.23 to 6.3). Twenty-three patients were found to be seropositive for HEV Ab defined as anti-HEV IgG titer > 1.1. The difference in liver and renal function tests (creatinine, eGFR, AST, ALT and ALP) at different intervals was not significant between patients with HEV Ab titers higher and lower than 1.1 (p > 0.05). However, an inverse correlation was observed between HEV Ab and eGFR values in the first (p = 0.047, r = -0.21), third (p = 0.04, r = -0.20) and sixth (p = 0.04, r = -0.22) months after renal transplantation in patients with HEV Ab 1.1. Also, a significant correlation between age and HEV Ab levels was found in the entire study population (p =0.001, r = 0.33). Our findings showed a high prevalence of seropositivity for anti-HEV IgG in patients receiving renal transplants. However, liver and renal functions were not found to be significantly different seropositive and seronegative patients by up to 6 months post-transplantation

Efficiency Comparison of Fuzzy Regression Models with the Penman-Monteith Method in Estimating of Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration of Neyshabour Plain

In this study, fuzzy linear and fuzzy least-squres regression approach was employed to estimate the monthly reference evapotranspiration of Neyshabour plain. The data used, including maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), mean temperature (Tmean), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (Rs) and wind speed (U2), were obtained from synaptic meteorological station of Neyshabour. Three different scenarios were designed to estimate the evapotranspiration for either fuzzy linear or fuzzy least-squres regression models. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the performance fuzzy regression models and its comparison with FAO-56 Penman-Monteith. Results indicated that the fuzzy linear regression model in January and the fuzzy least squares regression model in October had the highest and lowest accuracy with R2 of 0.903 and 0.502, respectively. Among the new proposed models, the fuzzy linear regression under scenario FLR1 (Inputs included Tmax, Tmin, RH and U2) had the highest accuracy, however, in both regression models, despite having lower input parameters (Tmean, RH and Rs), the second scenario, was comparable with other and therefore it can be used in data deficit conditions as an optimal approach in determining ETo for irrigation planning and water resource management

Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity

Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapy agent which is used to treat a broad spectrum of solid cancers. However, its clinical use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate that occur in 15-30% of patients. Multiple mechanisms contribute to renal dysfunction following exposure to cisplatin include tubular epithelial cell toxicity, vasoconstriction in the renal microvasculature, and increase the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The most important manifestations of cisplatin nephrotoxicity are non oliguric acute renal failure (ARF) which can be progressive, hypomagnesemia, fanconi-like syndrome, and anemia. An increasing risk of ARF is associated with higher doses of cisplatin, previous cisplatin chemotherapy, underlying kidney dysfunction, and the concomitant use of other nephrotoxic agents. The standard approach to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is the administration of lower doses of cisplatin in combination with the administration of full intravenous isotonic saline before and after cisplatin administration. Although a number of pharmacologic agents including sodium thiosulfate, N-acetylcysteine, theophylline and glycine have been evaluated for prevention of nephrotoxicity, none have proved to have an established role, thus, additional clinical studies will be required to confirm their probable effects

Correlation between Serum level of Troponin I and High Sensetive CRP in Renal transplant Patients

Background and Aim: Accompaniment of high serum levels of CRP to troponin increases the mortality rate in dialysis patients, and both of them are considered to be independent risk factors for uremic cardiomyopathy. In the present study, the relationship between serum troponin I and hs-CRP in renal transplant patients was investigated. Materials and Methods: This .study was conducted on 52 patients undergone kidney transplantation. The patients’ serum troponin I and hs-CRP were measured. Clinical characteristics of them including sex, age, duration of disease, and donor type were obtained by their respective medical record review. Spearman’s correlation coefficient method was applied to specify correlation between serum troponin and hsCRP levels. Results: In the current study, 52 patients (27 males and 25 females) with the mean age of 42.98±13.4 yrs were studied. It was found that Hs-CRP levels statistically differed between recipients who had received kidney from deceased and those from live donors. The formers who had received kidney from deceased donors showed significantly higher hsCRP levels compared to recipients from. live donors, but the difference between serum troponin I in the two groups was not significant. There was no significant correlation between serum troponin I and hs-CRP in the total population (p=0.6, r=-0.04), and also in recipients who had received kidney from live or deceased donors. Conclusion: Regarding the insignificant relationship between serum troponin I and hs-CRP in kidney transplant patients, it seems that inflammation has no role on myocardial injury

Renal Fractional Excretion of Sodium in Relation to Arterial Blood Gas and Spirometric Parameters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Arterial gas derangement could change urinary sodium excretion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients.There are very few and conflicting data in regards to the measurement of fractional excretion of sodium in COPD patients. The main aim of this study was to assess the relationship between renal fractional excretion of sodium(FeNa) with arterial blood gas and spirometric parameters in COPD. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on 40 consecutive stable COPD outpatients in 2 main general hospitals (Emam Reza, Ghaem) in Mashhad/Iran between 2011 and 2012. We investigated the relationship of renal FeNa with arterial blood gas parameters including HCO3, PH, PaCO2 and PaO2, and spirometric parameters. Analysis was done by SPSS v16 with a statistically meaningful p value of less than 0.05. Results: Mean age was 65.97±10.77 SD years and female to male ratio was 0.26. A renal FeNa of less than 1% was presented in 27% patients. There was a significant, positive relationship between renal FeNa and PaO2 (P=0.005, r=0.456). The correlations between PaCO2, HCO3, PH and spirometric parameters were not seen (P>0.05), but there was a significant relationship between Urine Na and PaO2. Outstanding, it seems likely that kidneys of COPD patients are responsible for sodium retaining state particularly in the presence of hypoxemia. Conclusion: This study indicates that in COPD patients, PaO2 but not PaCO2 is related to renal FeNa which shows the probable role of hypoxemia on sodium output in COPD patients. However, some caution is needed for interpretation of the probable role of hypercapnia on sodium retention in COPD

Additional file 1 of A novel dynamic Bayesian network approach for data mining and survival data analysis

Additional file 1: Supplementary file 1. The validation of structure learning. The posterior classification error of HC and Tabu algorithms for all nodes according to different score functions. Supplementary file 2. Conditional probability distribution of time stationary variables in the model. Supplementary figure 1. Conditional probability distribution of node stage given the different levels of its parents (Metastasis and TNM). Supplementary figure 2. Conditional probability distribution of node TNM given the different levels of its parent (Metastasis). Supplementary figure 3. Conditional probability distribution of node metastasis given the different levels of its parent (Smoking). Supplementary figure 4. Conditional probability distribution of node pathology given the different levels of its parent (Sex). Supplementary figure 5. Conditional probability distribution of node smoking given the different levels of its parent (Sex). Supplementary figure 6. Conditional probability distribution of node surgery given the different levels of its parent (Site)

Thyroid Hormone Changes in Early Kidney Transplantation and Its Correlation with Delayed Graft Function

Introduction: Thyroid hormones affect kidney function and may alter with changes in kidney function, as well. We evaluated changes in serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) early after kidney transplantation and their relationship with delayed graft function (DGF). Materials and Methods: Fifty-five consecutive kidney allograft recipients were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were measured on the day before transplantation, and also on posttransplant days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Results were compared between patients with a normal allograft function and those with DGF. Results: The mean T3 level decreased from 110.41 ± 49.79 ng/dL before transplantation to 80.78 ± 51.42 ng/dL on the 1st day after transplantation (P = .04), while T4 reduction reached a significant level on the 3rd day after transplantation (8.27 ± 3.27µg/dL to 5.50 ± 2.57 µg/dL, P = .004). Patients with DGF experienced a significantly greater decrease in the serum level of T3 at the end of the 1st week after transplantation compared with patients with normal kidney function (P = .02). This significant decrease in T3 continued until the end of the 2nd week. Serum levels of T4 reduced comparably in the two groups, until the end of the 1st week, when it showed a significantly more reduction in the patients with DGF (P = .04). Conclusion: Both T3 and T4 reduced early after kidney transplantation, and this reduction was significantly more prominent in those with DGF. This is compatible with a consequence rather than a cause of DGF, explained in the setting of sick euthyroid syndrome