33 research outputs found
Retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, white matter hyperintensities, and their interaction with cognition in older adults
PurposeWe explored the interaction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and white matter hyperintensities with cognitive measures in our older adult cohort.MethodsThis observational study enrolled participants who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, structural 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), visual acuity examination, and OCT imaging. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers were read on MR images; lacune, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), were defined according to the STRIVE standards. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses (μm) were measured on the OCT tool.ResultsOlder adults with cognitive impairment (CI) showed lower RNFL (p = 0.001), GCIPL (p = 0.009) thicknesses, and lower hippocampal volume (p = 0.004) when compared to non-cognitively impaired (NCI). RNFL (p = 0.006) and GCIPL thicknesses (p = 0.032) correlated with MoCA scores. GCIPL thickness (p = 0.037), total WMH (p = 0.003), PWMH (p = 0.041), and DWMH (p = 0.001) correlated with hippocampal volume in our older adults after adjusting for covariates. With hippocampal volume as the outcome, a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between GCIPL and PWMH and total WMH was observed in our older adults.ConclusionBoth GCIPL thinning and higher WMH burden (especially PWMH) are associated with hippocampal volume and older adults with both pathologies are more susceptible to subclinical cognitive decline
Degp degrades a wide range of substrate proteins in Escherichia coli under stress conditions
Cyclic stretch induced oxidative stress by mitochondrial and NADPH oxidase in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Abstract Background Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) has been reported to associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Understanding the mechanisms underlying cyclic stretch induced in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) may be important for the treatment of VMA-related AMD. Method Cyclic stretch (1HZ, 20% elongation) was applied to cultured ARPE-19 cells for 15 min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h by flexcell FX-5000 Tension system. Total reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using DCFH-DA. Mitochondrial superoxide were detected using MitoSOX Red mitochondrial superoxide indicator. NADPH oxidases (NOX) and signaling pathways, such as p38 and PKC, were detected using western blot. Apocycin (Apo) were used as NOX inhibitors. Result High levels of total ROS were detected from 15 min to 24 h, whereas mitochondrial superoxide were higher only in early time. NOX2 were significantly increased at 24 h. NOX4 were significantly increased at 2 h and reach its peak at 24 h. P-p38 was significantly increased at 12 h and 24 h. P-PKC was significantly increased at 15 min and kept a persistent high level. The upregulated expression of NOX4 by cyclic stretch can be significantly decreased under p-PKC inhibitor other than p-p38 inhibitor. Conclusion Cyclic stretch induce oxidative stress from both mitochodrial and NADPH oxidase in RPE cells, which may prompt oxidative damage in VMA-related AMD
Load Balancing in Data Center Networks: A Survey
Data center networks usually employ the scale-out model to provide high bisection bandwidth for applications. A large amount of da
Tailpipe emission characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from selected on-road China III and China IV diesel vehicles
<p>Eighteen China III and IV diesel vehicles, including light-duty diesel trucks (LDDTs), medium-duty diesel trucks (MDDTs), heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) and buses, were tested with real-world measurements using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The emission factors (EFs), chemical components and surface morphology of emitted particles from these vehicles were characterized. Measured features included organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble ions (WSIs) and trace elements of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The modelling system MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) was also employed to estimate the PM<sub>2.5</sub> EFs from these vehicles. Carbonaceous content made up 35.8–110.8% of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, the largest contribution of all the determined chemical components; WSIs and elements accounted for less than 10%. The average PM<sub>2.5</sub> EFs of MDDTs and HDDTs were 0.389 g·km<sup>−1</sup> and 0.115 g·km<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, approximately one order of magnitude higher than that of LDDTs. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> EFs of China III buses were much lower than those of China III MDDTs and HDDTs, indicating that the inspection maintenance program (I/M) system was carried out effectively on public diesel vehicles. Moreover, the chemical composition of 9.2–56.2% of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass emitted from China IV diesel trucks could not be identified in the present study. It was possible this unidentified mass was particle bound water, but this hypothesis should be confirmed with further measurements. The SEM images of PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples presented a loose floc structure. In addition, the trends of variation of estimated PM<sub>2.5</sub> EFs derived from the MOVES simulation were essentially consistent with those of tested values.</p> <p>Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research</p
Solvothermal-Induced Conversion of One-Dimensional Multilayer Nanotubes to Two-Dimensional Hydrophilic VO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Nanosheets: Synthesis and Water Treatment Application
Ultrathin
2D nanostructures have shown many unique properties and
are attractive for various potential applications. Here, we demonstrated
a strategy to synthesize ultrathin VO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanosheets. The as-obtained ultrathin VO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanosheets showed a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)
surface area
of 136.3 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>–1</sup>, which is much larger
than that of 1D multilayer VO<sub><i>x</i></sub> nanotubes.
As a proof of concept, these hydrophilic
ultrathin nanosheets were applied in water treatment and exhibited
excellent absorption capability to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) in wastewater
owing to their large specific surface area, good hydrophilic property,
and more negative zeta potential. In addition, this method could be
generalized to prepare other 2D nanostructures with great potential
for various attractive applications