Microstructure, magneto-transport and magnetic properties of Gd-doped magnetron-sputtered amorphous carbon

The magnetic rare earth element gadolinium (Gd) was doped into thin films of amorphous carbon (hydrogenated \textit{a}-C:H, or hydrogen-free \textit{a}-C) using magnetron co-sputtering. The Gd acted as a magnetic as well as an electrical dopant, resulting in an enormous negative magnetoresistance below a temperature ($T'$). Hydrogen was introduced to control the amorphous carbon bonding structure. High-resolution electron microscopy, ion-beam analysis and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the influence of Gd doping on the \textit{a-}Gd$_x$C$_{1-x}$(:H$_y$) film morphology, composition, density and bonding. The films were largely amorphous and homogeneous up to $x$=22.0 at.%. As the Gd doping increased, the $sp^{2}$-bonded carbon atoms evolved from carbon chains to 6-member graphitic rings. Incorporation of H opened up the graphitic rings and stabilized a $sp^{2}$-rich carbon-chain random network. The transport properties not only depended on Gd doping, but were also very sensitive to the $sp^{2}$ ordering. Magnetic properties, such as the spin-glass freezing temperature and susceptibility, scaled with the Gd concentration.Comment: 9 figure

Andreev reflection of massive pseudospin-1 fermions

We theoretically investigate the Andreev reflection of the pseudospin-1 Dirac fermions with either the $\pm U$-type or the $S_z$-type mass term. For the $\pm U$-type fermions, it is found that the Andreev reflection probability at the oblique incidence can be even larger than that at the normal incidence. For the retro-reflection, such an oblique enhancement occurs in the $n$-doped $+U$-type ($p$-doped $-U$-type) massive fermion systems. While for the specular reflection, the enhancement occurs in the $n$-doped $-U$-type ($p$-doped $+U$-type) systems. For the $S_z$-type massive fermions, a super Andreev reflection with all-angle unit efficiency is predicted in an undoped junction with the incident energy equal to the superconducting gap.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figue

B\"{a}cklund transformations for high-order constrained flows of the AKNS hierarchy: canonicity and spectrality property

New infinite number of one- and two-point B\"{a}cklund transformations (BTs) with explicit expressions are constructed for the high-order constrained flows of the AKNS hierarchy. It is shown that these BTs are canonical transformations including B\"{a}cklund parameter $\eta$ and a spectrality property holds with respect to $\eta$ and the 'conjugated' variable $\mu$ for which the point $(\eta, \mu)$ belongs to the spectral curve. Also the formulas of m-times repeated Darboux transformations for the high-order constrained flows of the AKNS hierarchy are presented.Comment: 21 pages, Latex, to be published in J. Phys.

HrcU and HrpP are pathogenicity factors in the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora required for the type III secretion of DspA/E

Table S1. Description of data: Sequences of oligonucleotide primers used in this study. (DOCX 109 kb

Data-driven model predictive control for power demand management and fast demand response of commercial buildings using support vector regression

Demand response (DR) of commercial buildings by directly shutting down part of operating chillers could provide an immediate power reduction for power grids. In this special fast DR event, effective control needs to guarantee expected power reduction and ensure an acceptable indoor environment. This study, therefore, developed a data-driven model predictive control (MPC) using support vector regression (SVR) for fast DR events. According to the characteristics of fast DR events, the optimized hyperparameters of SVR and shortened searching range of genetic algorithm are used to improve the control performance. Meanwhile, a comprehensive comparison with RC-based MPC is conducted based on three scenarios of power demand controls. Test results show that the proposed SVR-based MPC could fulfill the control objectives of power demand and indoor temperature simultaneously. Compared with RC-based MPC, the SVR-based MPC could alleviate the time/labor cost of model development without sacrificing the control performance of fast DR events

Shape and blocking effects on odd-even mass differences and rotational motion of nuclei

Nuclear shapes and odd-nucleon blockings strongly influence the odd-even differences of nuclear masses. When such effects are taken into account, the determination of the pairing strength is modified resulting in larger pair gaps. The modified pairing strength leads to an improved self-consistent description of moments of inertia and backbending frequencies, with no additional parameters.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, subm to PR

Delocalization and conductance quantization in one-dimensional systems

We investigate the delocalization and conductance quantization in finite one-dimensional chains with only off-diagonal disorder coupled to leads. It is shown that the appearence of delocalized states at the middle of the band under correlated disorder is strongly dependent upon the even-odd parity of the number of sites in the system. In samples with inversion symmetry the conductance equals $2e^{2}/h$ for odd samples, and is smaller for even parity. This result suggests that this even-odd behaviour found previously in the presence of electron correlations may be unrelated to charging effects in the sample.Comment: submitted to PR