New potential carbon emission reduction enterprises in China: deep geological storage of CO2 emitted through industrial usage of coal in China

Deep geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) could offer an essential solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the continued use of fossil fuels. Currently, CO2 capture is both costly and energy intensive; it represents about 60% of the cost of the total carbon capture and storage (CCS) chain which is causing a bottleneck in advancement of CCS in China. This paper proposes capturing CO2 from coal chemical plants where the CO2 is high purity and relatively cheap to collect, thus offering an early opportunity for industrial-scale full-chain CCS implementation. The total amount of high concentration CO2 that will be emitted (or is being emitted) by the coal chemical factories approved by the National Development and Reform Commission described in this paper is 42 million tonnes. If all eight projects could utilize CCS, it would be of great significance for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in China. Basins which may provide storage sites for captured CO2 in North China are characterized by large sedimentary thicknesses and several sets of reservoir-caprock strata. Some oil fields are nearing depletion and a sub-set of these are potentially suitable for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CCS demonstration but all these still require detailed geological characterization. The short distance between the high concentration CO2 sources and potential storage sites should reduce transport costs and complications. The authors believe these high purity sources coupled with EOR or aquifer storage could offer China an opportunity to lead development in this globally beneficial CCS optio

Distribution of Hazardous Element in PM10 and PM2.5 Emitted by Coal Combustion in China

Chinese Academy of Sciences/ Chinese Academy of Environment SciencesChina University of GeosciencesScedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

Marine derived 87Sr/86Sr in coal, a new key to geochronology and palaeoenvironment: Elucidation of the India-Eurasia and China-Indochina collisions in Yunnan, China

Coal has formed in terrestrial and coastal-marine environments from sub-polar to equatorial regions since the Devonian. It contains detailed long-term records of contemporaneous environment, climate, and subsequent modifications. However, in general, direct chronological information in coal has been sparse. The coal investigated in the present study is from the Mile intermontane basin, Yunnan Province, China, north of an arm of the Mesozoic Tethys Ocean. The coal contains marine geochemical signatures and syngenetic gypsum, common in coastal-marine sediments. The gypsum contains marine-derived Sr and, hence, has geochronological potential. The 87Sr/86Sr record (0.708350-0.708591) in the Mile coal agrees with time-calibrated 87Sr/86Sr records of marine planktonic foraminifera obtained from core DSDP 588C, 22.25-18.27 Ma (Early Miocene). The peat of the Mile coal was deposited over 4.6 Ma., which possibly is the longest deposition of a coal bed in the world to have been found today, although this duration should include the period of non-peat deposition or erosion if present during the time of the 4.6-Ma.During this period, the regional geological structures were determined by the India-Eurasia collision, which resulted in transform faults with extensive rift structures, including the Mile rhomb-shaped graben. This structural setting enabled the flow of seawater from the South China Sea to reach inland graben structures, including that of the Mile Basin, where peat was deposited. Subsequent deformation caused by the South China-Indochina collision changed the regional structural and geographical-hydrological patterns. This affected the hydrology of the Mile Basin and resulted in its uplift to its present-day elevation of 1350 m.This study is, to our knowledge, the first to use the marine-derived 87Sr/86Sr indicator and chronometer in coal. At present, marine-influenced peats generated in coastal salt marshes extend from the Arctic Ocean (Alaska and Siberia) in the north, to Patagonia and New Zealand in the south, while mangrove forests abound in equatorial and low-latitude coastal areas. The 87Sr/86Sr record of marine-influenced coal in this study area, provides a key for the determination of age-duration-rate of geological processes in the inland basin, associated with the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Results indicate that this method has potential for providing a temporal framework for geological events and processes in other areas. These may be found near marine shore lines across the globe dating back to the Devonian. Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr signal in marine-influenced coal can be used for correlation with the well-established 87Sr/86Sr chronology of marine planktonic foraminifera. In turn, the 87Sr/86Sr signal provides a basis for correlating terrestrial records of climate and environment contained in this type of coal and associated sediments, with those of marine sediments, such as those based on ?18O in planktonic foraminifera

Records of the atmospheric inputs of loess and pollutants in Japanese lake sediments

金沢大学自然計測応用研究センター金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科Nankai University (CHINA)Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHINA)Abstract – The atmosphere is a significant pathway for the transport of loess and pollutants from Asian continental interior to Japan. Loess would play a critical role in many processes during transport either indirectly (e.g., climate) or directly (e.g., health). For kick-off of our research, loess as an Asian monsoon proxy and historical record of sedimentary PAH were reviewed, and research plans to investigate the impact of climate and human activity on loess delivery to Japanese lake systems were proposed

Records of the Atmospheric Inputs of Loess and Pollutants in Japanese Lake Sediments

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科Nankai UniversityChinese Academy of SciencesScedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Radionuclides through Loess over Pan-Japan Sea Area -Reaction, Transportation and Deposition-

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科金沢大学工学部Nankai, UniversityChinese Academy of SciencesScedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto

A geological storage option for CO2 in the Bohaiwan Basin, East China?

Geological assessment of the Bohaiwan Basin in eastern China for the COACH (Cooperation Action within CCS China-EU) project indicated that storing carbon dioxide (CO2) in this region will be technically challenging and require a flexible storage solution. It is suggested that a pilot scheme within the Dagang oil field complex could prove the concept of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR) in the challenging conditions of oil fields in this region of China. This could be followed by simultaneous injection of CO2 into a nearby larger oil field and adjacent aquifers that would offer a potential storage option by combining the larger storage space anticipated for aquifers with the possible future financial incentives of CO2-EOR

Carbon dioxide storage options for the COACH Project in the Bohai Basin, China

The Cooperation Action Carbon Capture and Storage China-EU project (COACH) is a three-year EC Framework 6 co-funded collaborative project with Chinese and EU partners investigating geological storage options in the Bohai Basin, China. This paper discusses interim assessments of storage potential for the Dagang oilfield complex (Tianjin Municipality), deep saline aquifers in the Jiyang depression (Shandong province) and the Kailuan coalfield (Hebei Province). Source-sink matching options are also discussed using large ‘point source’ data collected for the Shandong Province

Evaluation of carbon dioxide storage potential for the Bohai Basin, North-East China

The storage potential of selected sites within the Bohai Basin was assessed for the COACH project. The Gangdong oilfield is considered to have a small potential storage capacity (23 Mt) and to be possibly suitable for an enhanced oil recovery or small-scale storage pilot rather than large-scale storage. The Shengli oilfield province is considered to have a great potential storage capacity (472 Mt in eight selected fields), however, these fields, like those of the Gangdong oilfield province, are compartmentalised by faulting and stratigraphy and likely to be quite challenging for injection. Unmineable coal seams in the Kailuan mining area were also considered for storage, the estimated capacity is 504 Gt adsorbed onto the coal and 38,100 Mt void storage capacity. However, the coals have low porosity and permeability, so they would be expected to have poor injectivity. This is also an active mining area and so any storage site would have to be chosen carefully to avoid affecting future energy resources. The Huimin sub-basin within the Jiyang Depression was identified for consideration as an aquifer storage site; the Guantao Formation has good porosity and permeability in this region, and the regional-level storage capacity of these areas was estimated to be 0.7 Gt. The aquifers in the Huimin sub-basin appear promising for storage, however, less data are available than for the oilfields and the sealing formations are not directly proven to trap buoyant fluids, though in adjacent oilfield in the Shengli oilfield province, the Minghuazhen Formation forms a regional seal for the Guantao Formation