27,628 research outputs found
Integrable dispersionless KdV hierarchy with sources
An integrable dispersionless KdV hierarchy with sources (dKdVHWS) is derived.
Lax pair equations and bi-Hamiltonian formulation for dKdVHWS are formulated.
Hodograph solution for the dispersionless KdV equation with sources (dKdVWS) is
obtained via hodograph transformation. Furthermore, the dispersionless
Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy with sources (dGDHWS) is presented.Comment: 15 pages, to be published in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge
On the Toda Lattice Equation with Self-Consistent Sources
The Toda lattice hierarchy with self-consistent sources and their Lax
representation are derived. We construct a forward Darboux transformation (FDT)
with arbitrary functions of time and a generalized forward Darboux
transformation (GFDT) for Toda lattice with self-consistent sources (TLSCS),
which can serve as a non-auto-Backlund transformation between TLSCS with
different degrees of sources. With the help of such DT, we can construct many
type of solutions to TLSCS, such as rational solution, solitons, positons,
negetons, and soliton-positons, soliton-negatons, positon-negatons etc., and
study properties and interactions of these solutions.Comment: 20 page
Generalized Darboux transformations for the KP equation with self-consistent sources
The KP equation with self-consistent sources (KPESCS) is treated in the
framework of the constrained KP equation. This offers a natural way to obtain
the Lax representation for the KPESCS. Based on the conjugate Lax pairs, we
construct the generalized binary Darboux transformation with arbitrary
functions in time for the KPESCS which, in contrast with the binary Darboux
transformation of the KP equation, provides a non-auto-B\"{a}cklund
transformation between two KPESCSs with different degrees. The formula for
N-times repeated generalized binary Darboux transformation is proposed and
enables us to find the N-soliton solution and lump solution as well as some
other solutions of the KPESCS.Comment: 20 pages, no figure
The Degasperis-Procesi equation with self-consistent sources
The Degasperis-Procesi equation with self-consistent sources(DPESCS) is
derived. The Lax representation and the conservation laws for DPESCS are
constructed. The peakon solution of DPESCS is obtained.Comment: 15 page
Negaton and Positon solutions of the soliton equation with self-consistent sources
The KdV equation with self-consistent sources (KdVES) is used as a model to
illustrate the method. A generalized binary Darboux transformation (GBDT) with
an arbitrary time-dependent function for the KdVES as well as the formula for
-times repeated GBDT are presented. This GBDT provides non-auto-B\"{a}cklund
transformation between two KdV equations with different degrees of sources and
enable us to construct more general solutions with arbitrary -dependent
functions. By taking the special -function, we obtain multisoliton,
multipositon, multinegaton, multisoliton-positon, multinegaton-positon and
multisoliton-negaton solutions of KdVES. Some properties of these solutions are
discussed.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, no figues, to be published in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge
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Effects of Surface Roughness on the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 over Cu
We have investigated the role of surface roughening on the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) over Cu. The activity and product selectivity of Cu surfaces roughened by plasma pretreatment in Ar, O2, or N2 were compared with that of electrochemically polished Cu samples. Differences in total and product current densities, the ratio of current densities for HER (the hydrogen evolution reaction) to CO2RR, and the ratio of current densities for C2+ to C1 products depend on the electrochemically active surface and are nearly independent of plasma composition. Theoretical analysis of an electropolished and roughened Cu surface reveals a higher fraction of undercoordinated Cu sites on the roughened surface, sites that bind CO preferentially. Roughened surfaces also contain square sites similar to those on a Cu(100) surface but with neighboring step sites, which adsorb OC-COH, a precursor to C2+ products. These findings explain the increases in the formation of oxygenates and hydrocarbons relative to CO and the ratio of oxygenates to hydrocarbons observed with increasing surface roughness
B\"{a}cklund transformations for high-order constrained flows of the AKNS hierarchy: canonicity and spectrality property
New infinite number of one- and two-point B\"{a}cklund transformations (BTs)
with explicit expressions are constructed for the high-order constrained flows
of the AKNS hierarchy. It is shown that these BTs are canonical transformations
including B\"{a}cklund parameter and a spectrality property holds with
respect to and the 'conjugated' variable for which the point
belongs to the spectral curve. Also the formulas of m-times
repeated Darboux transformations for the high-order constrained flows of the
AKNS hierarchy are presented.Comment: 21 pages, Latex, to be published in J. Phys.
The Solutions of the NLS Equations with Self-Consistent Sources
We construct the generalized Darboux transformation with arbitrary functions
in time for the AKNS equation with self-consistent sources (AKNSESCS)
which, in contrast with the Darboux transformation for the AKNS equation,
provides a non-auto-B\"{a}cklund transformation between two AKNSESCSs with
different degrees of sources. The formula for N-times repeated generalized
Darboux transformation is proposed. By reduction the generalized Darboux
transformation with arbitrary functions in time for the Nonlinear
Schr\"{o}dinger equation with self-consistent sources (NLSESCS) is obtained and
enables us to find the dark soliton, bright soliton and positon solutions for
NLSESCS and NLSESCS. The properties of these solution are analyzed.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical
and Genera
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