Aharonov-Bohm Radiation of Fermions

We analyze Aharonov-Bohm radiation of charged fermions from oscillating solenoids and cosmic strings. We find that the angular pattern of the radiation has features that differ significantly from that for bosons. For example, fermionic radiation in the lowest harmonic is approximately isotropically distributed around an oscillating solenoid, whereas for bosons the radiation is dipolar. We also investigate the spin polarization of the emitted fermion-antifermion pair. Fermionic radiation from kinks and cusps on cosmic strings is shown to depend linearly on the ultraviolet cut-off, suggesting strong emission at an energy scale comparable to the string energy scale.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Version 2: Expanded discussion on boundary conditions obeyed by Dirac equation mode functions (in Section V B). Acknowledgements and references added. Version 3: Minor changes made in response to referee's comment

Governmental Fiscal Support for Financing Long-term Infrastructure Projects in ASEAN Countries

This paper discusses governmental fiscal support for financing long-term infrastructure projects in ASEAN countries. More specifically, it discusses the role of guarantees and subsidies in promoting public-private partnership (PPP) projects. It draws on case studies of Philippine and Indonesian PPPs, and information from secondary sources to highlight the critical role of such fiscal support in making feasible the financing of long-term infrastructure projects that may be economically beneficial but commercially or financially unviable without such support. The paper points out the need for a strong fiscal position and analyzes the implications of guarantees and subsidies on fiscal management. An important insight is the need to secure budgets for long-term infrastructure projects, which may be done through a medium-term expenditure framework. Based on the analysis of Philippine and Indonesian case studies, it provides specific recommendations to improve the implementation of PPP projects

Retarded Green's Functions In Perturbed Spacetimes For Cosmology and Gravitational Physics

Electromagnetic and gravitational radiation do not propagate solely on the null cone in a generic curved spacetime. They develop "tails," traveling at all speeds equal to and less than unity. If sizeable, this off-the-null-cone effect could mean objects at cosmological distances, such as supernovae, appear dimmer than they really are. Their light curves may be distorted relative to their flat spacetime counterparts. These in turn could affect how we infer the properties and evolution of the universe or the objects it contains. Within the gravitational context, the tail effect induces a self-force that causes a compact object orbiting a massive black hole to deviate from an otherwise geodesic path. This needs to be taken into account when modeling the gravitational waves expected from such sources. Motivated by these considerations, we develop perturbation theory for solving the massless scalar, photon and graviton retarded Green's functions in perturbed spacetimes, assuming these Green's functions are known in the background spacetime. In particular, we elaborate on the theory in perturbed Minkowski spacetime in significant detail; and apply our techniques to compute the retarded Green's functions in the weak field limit of the Kerr spacetime to first order in the black hole's mass and angular momentum. Our methods build on and generalizes work appearing in the literature on this topic to date, and lays the foundation for a thorough, first principles based, investigation of how light propagates over cosmological distances, within a spatially flat inhomogeneous Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. This perturbative scheme applied to the graviton Green's function, when pushed to higher orders, may provide approximate analytic (or semi-analytic) results for the self-force problem in the weak field limits of the Schwarzschild and Kerr black hole geometries.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures. Significant updates in v2: Scalar, photon and graviton Green's functions calculated explicitly in Kerr black hole spacetime up to first order in mass and angular momentum (Sec. V); Visser's van Vleck determinant result shown to be equivalent to ours in Sec. II. v3: JWKB discussion moved to introduction; to be published in PR

Fermions on one or fewer Kinks

We find the full spectrum of fermion bound states on a Z_2 kink. In addition to the zero mode, there are int[2 m_f/m_s] bound states, where m_f is the fermion and m_s the scalar mass. We also study fermion modes on the background of a well-separated kink-antikink pair. Using a variational argument, we prove that there is at least one bound state in this background, and that the energy of this bound state goes to zero with increasing kink-antikink separation, 2L, and faster than e^{-a2L} where a = min(m_s, 2 m_f). By numerical evaluation, we find some of the low lying bound states explicitly.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

It's Hard to Learn How Gravity and Electromagnetism Couple

We construct the most general effective Lagrangian coupling gravity and electromagnetism up to mass dimension 6 by enumerating all possible non-minimal coupling terms respecting both diffeomorphism and gauge invariance. In all, there are only two unique terms after field re-definitions; one is known to arise from loop effects in QED while the other is a parity violating term which may be generated by weak interactions within the standard model of particle physics. We show that neither the cosmological propagation of light nor, contrary to earlier claims, solar system tests of General Relativity are useful probes of these terms. These non-minimal couplings of gravity and electromagnetism may remain a mystery for the foreseeable future.Comment: 9 pages. Minor corrections made. To appear in Phys. Rev.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTIM ENKRIPSI PENGIRIMAN INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA KRIPTOGRAFI KLASIK

In today's competitive environment, enabling people to communicate and exchange information / data remotely. Between cities, countries and between continents is not an obstacle anymore in the communication and data exchange. Along with that the demand for securities (security) to the confidentiality of information exchanged on the rise. Therefore it is developing branch of science that studies on ways of data security or cryptography known. Just as a data security system created at the end of this project, the encryption process to be advocates in him. In the process of encryption there is a process by which data is encrypted in the form of random letters, and the process is called the plaintext-ciphertext. While on the side of the receiver will experience a process description, in which random data is converted to actual data or can be called with the ciphertext-plaintext. By using the method vigenere cipher, then the need for a key to obtain a ciphertext. Where the lock is determined by the length of the plaintext letters are entered. The result of this study issending data through the client to the server with encryption system so that the data to the server will be directly encoded. On the server, the encrypted data will be converted into the plaintext back through the process description Key : cryptography, algorithms, C programming, vigenere cipher, socket programmin

Analisa Kualitas Aplikasi Multimedia pada Jaringan Mobile IP versi 6

As technology advances more and more, the support of mobility in a device becomes higher. The users of mobile device require a simultaneous connection in everywhere and everytime either at rest or mobile condition. In this final project the multimedia applications had been implemented on mobile IP version 6�s network, which consisted of 1 Home Agent (HA), 2 Foreign Agent (FA), 1 Mobile Node (MN), and 1 correspondent node (CN). The collection of data was performed when the MN moves from HA to FA1 and FA 2 while it was communicating with the CN and doing streaming video and downloading data via FTP protocols. From the condition of movement MN and its communication with the CN henceforth is analyzed base on the parameter of quality of service (QoS) in IP network. To obtain data validation, the measured data of testbed system was compared with simulation data by using NS2 software. The results of this experiments showed that the throughput data when MN handover from HA to FA1 and FA2 had the lowest value. Meanwhile, packet loss, delay and jitter obtained a maximum value when the mobile node handover from one network to the others. Keyword : handover, mobile IPv

Evaluation of Avifauna Species Found in the Area of PT Arutmin Indonesia-NPLCT, Kota Baru, South Kalimantan

Avifauna is a biological aspect, which is easy to use as a decision making to arrange the development of the mining-product port area on postmining. The objective of the research was to evaluate composition of avifauna species in the area of PT Arutmin Indonesia – NPLCT based on the presence or the residence, the preference to the habitat type, the dominant diet, and the propagation indicator. Evaluation was conducted through grouping the field data or published databased on such four parameters and comparing to the references. Among 57 avifauna species in the area, 39 are resident, because they were always found in all observations. A single species is an endemic to Kalimantan. Five other species may be migrants originating relatively far from the research area. Avifauna was likely to prefer secondary forest to other habitat types. Based on dominant diet, there were frugivore, granivore, insectivore, carnivore, nectarivore, omnivore, and piscivore. Various nests were found and those reflected opportunity the birds to propagate in the are

AKSES INFORMASI PENGIRIMAN BARANG DI KANTOR POS JEMUR SARI UNTUK AREA SURABAYA TIMUR MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION BERBASIS WAP

Goods and services had become very important in human life and can't be separated from everyday life. To reach consumers' hands, goods and services can't escape from those we called the distribution process. Generally in a distribution process we always chose the shortest route to save time and cost. To find the shortest path, generally it divided into two methods: conventional methods and heuristic methods. Conventional method is less suitable to use to find the shortest path with a large amount of data. The results obtained with the conventional method usually inaccurate if data is widely used. One of the heuristic methods, ant colony algorithms, with that method, finding the shortest path becomes shorter, even when we use a large amount of data. Using HP with WAP access, this system is provides sufficient useful information for the post office to deliver the goods. Keywords: WAP, Shortest Path Search, Ant Colony Algorithms

Aplikasi Transaksi Mobile Real Time dan Tracking Lokasi Berbasis J2ME dan GIS

Dewasa ini teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi telah berkembang dengan sangat cepat seiring dengan penemuan dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam bidang informasi dan komunikasi. Hal tersebut menyebabkan beberapa bidang pekerjaan yang sebelumnya membutuhkan proses yang panjang menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah. Salah satu perusahaan yang belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi adalah perusahaan dalam bidang sales marketing. Selama ini proses transaksi jual beli yang dilakukan oleh sales masih berlangsung secara manual. Begitu pula proses monitoring yang dilakukan perusahaan terhadap salesnya juga masih menggunakan media komunikasi radio untuk mengetahui dengan menanyakan kepada sales dimana posisinya. Pada proyek akhir ini, akan dibuat sebuah aplikasi J2ME pada handphone yang digunakan oleh sales untuk melakukan transaksi sehingga proses transaksi akan menjadi lebih cepat karena data akan langsung dikirim ke server melalui komunikasi General Radio Packet Switch (GPRS). Konfirmasi transaksi dapat langsung dicetak menggunakan mobile printer yang dibawa oleh sales. Selain itu, aplikasi J2ME juga dapat digunakan untuk mengakses GPS Receiver yang telah ada secara built-in pada handphone sales. Dengan memanfaatkan Geographic Information System (GIS), dapat diketahui posisi sales saat melakukan transaksi. Dengan proyek akhir ini, akan terbentuk sebuah sistem yang dapat digunakan perusahaan marketing untuk transaksi secara online serta untuk memantau posisi sales yang sedang bertugas secara real time. Kata kunci : J2ME, GPS Receiver, GPRS, GIS, Mobile Printe