Obtaining of combined hardening coatings of copper molds of mashines for continuous-casting of billets

The article is devoted to study of the problem of improving of durability of surfaces of copper plates of molds of machines for continuous casting of billets. Presented here are the results of investigations of combined Ni-coatings on Cu that are a thin Ni-sublayer obtained by electric spark alloying method and a working Ni-layer deposited by arc plasma-spraying. Complex analysis (optical microscopy, durometric analysis and SEM) of the coatings is conducted and their mechanical characteristics are also studied. The using of Ni-sublayer is shown to increase the adherence of coatings considerably. Resulted in the work are the values of adhesion and other characteristics of the coatings obtained

Analysis of NotI linking clones isolated from human chromosome 3 specific libraries

We have partially sequenced more than 1000 NotI linking clones isolated from human chromosome 3-specific libraries. Of these clones, 152 were unique chromosome 3-specific clones. The clones were precisely mapped using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and hybridization to somatic cell or radiation hybrids. Two- and three-color FISH was used to order the clones that mapped to the same chromosomal region, and in some cases, chromosome jumping was used to resolve ambiguous mapping. When this NotI restriction map was compared with the yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) based chromosome 3 map, significant differences in several chromosome 3 regions were observed. A search of the EMBL nucleotide database with these sequences revealed homologies (90–100%) to more than 100 different genes or expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Many of these homologies were used to map new genes to chromosome 3. These results suggest that sequencing NotI linking clones, and sequencing CpG islands in general, may complement the EST project and aid in the discovery of all human genes by sequencing random cDNAs. This method may also yield information that cannot be obtained by the EST project alone; namely, the identification of the 5′ ends of genes, including potential promoter/enhancer regions and other regulatory sequence