109 research outputs found
A hypothalamicus vazopresszin elvĂĄlasztĂĄs szerepe a depressziĂł-szerƱ tĂŒnetek kialakulĂĄsĂĄban = The involvement of hypothalamic vasopressin release in depression-like symptoms
Napjainkban a vazopresszinnek, mint fontos neurotranszmitter, neuromodulĂĄtor Ă©s stressz szabĂĄlyozĂł molekulĂĄnak a depressziĂłban betöltött szerepe intenzĂv kutatĂĄs tĂĄrgya. MunkĂĄnk sorĂĄn vazopresszin hiĂĄnyos Brattleboro ĂĄllatokat hasznĂĄltunk Ă©s megĂĄllapĂtottuk, hogy ezen ĂĄllatok csökkent depressziĂł-szerƱ tĂŒneteket mutattak szĂĄmos magatartĂĄsi tesztben. Ezzel pĂĄrhuzamosan azonban a stressztengely (hypothalamo-hipofĂzis-mellĂ©kvese tengely) szabĂĄlyozĂĄsĂĄban csak csekĂ©ly jelentĆsĂ©get talĂĄltunk. Az oxitocin rĂ©szleges kompenzĂĄlĂł szerepĂ©t igazoltuk. Kimutattuk tovĂĄbbĂĄ, hogy a nucleus paraventriculari hypothalami-bĂłl felszabadulĂł vazopresszin parakrin Ășton segĂti a stressz-stimulĂĄlta oxitocin Ă©s kortikoszteron plazma-szintek normalizĂĄlĂłdĂĄsĂĄt. A felnĆttekkel ellentĂ©tben perinatĂĄlisan a vazopresszin tekinthetĆ az ACTH elvĂĄlasztĂĄs fĆ szabĂĄlyozĂłjĂĄnak. EredmĂ©nyeink arra utalnak, hogy a vazopresszin a depressziĂł kialakulĂĄsĂĄban fontos tĂ©nyezĆ, de valĂłszĂnƱleg nem a stressz-tengely befolyĂĄsolĂĄsa rĂ©vĂ©n hat, hanem egyĂ©b agyi mechanizmusokat befolyĂĄsol. | Vasopressin, an ubiquiter hormone is considered to be one of the factors related to the development of depression. In our studies the congenital deficit of vasopressin in Brattleboro rats leads to attenuated depression-like behavior. Because the strong connection between depression and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation we examined the role of vasopressin in stress. The vasopressin deficiency had no influence on basal levels of ACTH and corticosterone and had only mild impact on hormonal activation in response to different stressors. The partial compesation by oxytocin elevation was confirmed. Endogenous vasopressin released within the nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami acts as a paracrine signal to facilitate the return of plasma oxytocin and corticosterone to basal levels after acute stressor exposure. In contrast to adult, vasopressin seems to be the predominant ACTH secretagogue during the perinatal period. We suggest that brain vasopressinergic circuits distinct from those regulating the HPA axis are involved in generating depression-like behavior
A depressziĂł Ă©s a hypothalamo-hypophysis-mellĂ©kvese tengely, kĂŒlönös tekintettel a vazopresszin szerepĂ©re = Depression and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis especially the role of vasopressin
Napjainkban a vazopresszinnek, mint fontos neurotranszmitter, neuromodulĂĄtor Ă©s stressz szabĂĄlyozĂł molekulĂĄnak a depressziĂłban betöltött szerepe intenzĂv kutatĂĄs tĂĄrgya. MunkĂĄnk sorĂĄn vazopresszin hiĂĄnyos Brattleboro ĂĄllatokat hasznĂĄltunk Ă©s megĂĄllapĂtottuk, hogy ezen ĂĄllatok csökkent depressziĂł-szerƱ tĂŒneteket mutattak szĂĄmos magatartĂĄsi tesztben Ă©s csökkentettĂ©k ezen tĂŒnetek kialakulĂĄsĂĄt depressziĂłt elĆidĂ©zĆ helyzetekben (krĂłnikus enyhe stressz, anyai elvĂĄlasztĂĄs). Ezzel pĂĄrhuzamosan azonban a stressztengely (hypothalamo-hipofĂzis-mellĂ©kvese tengely) szabĂĄlyozĂĄsĂĄban csak csekĂ©ly jelentĆsĂ©get talĂĄltunk. A felnĆttekkel ellentĂ©tben perinatĂĄlisan viszont a vazopresszin tekinthetĆ az ACTH elvĂĄlasztĂĄs fĆ szabĂĄlyozĂłjĂĄnak. A felnĆtt korra megemelkedĆ oxytocin szintĂ©zis kompenzĂĄlĂł szereĂ©t sikerĂŒlt bizonyĂtanunk. Az ACTH Ă©s kortikoszteron vĂĄlasz szĂ©tvĂĄlĂĄsa meglepĆ eredmĂ©ny, mely tovĂĄbbi vizsgĂĄlatokat igĂ©nyel. EredmĂ©nyeink arra utalnak, hogy a vazopresszin a depressziĂł kialakulĂĄsĂĄban fontos tĂ©nyezĆ, de valĂłszĂnƱleg nem a stressz-tengely befolyĂĄsolĂĄsa rĂ©vĂ©n hat, hanem egyĂ©b agyi mechanizmusokat befolyĂĄsol. | Vasopressin, a hormone functioning also as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and regulator of the stress response is considered to be one of the factors related to the development of depression. In our studies the congenital deficit of vasopressin in Brattleboro rats leads to attenuated depression-like behavior. The development of these symptoms was also diminishes after depression-inducing stimulation (chronic mild stress or maternal separation). On the other hand vasopressin deficiency had no influence on basal levels of ACTH and corticosterone and had only mild impact on hormonal activation in response to different stressors. In contrast to adult, vasopressin seems to be the predominant ACTH secretagogue during the perinatal period. The compesatory role of oxytocin in adult rats was confirmed. The dissociated ACTH and corticosterone secretion was a surprising results and needs further elucidation. We suggest that brain vasopressinergic circuits distinct from those regulating the HPA axis are involved in generating depression-like behavior
Food-intake regulation during stress by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide with serious consequences such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Emotional stress is considered to be one of the main reasons of obesity development in humans. However, there are some contradictory results, which should be addressed. First of all stress induces anorexia, but not overeating in laboratory animals. Glucocorticoids, the effector molecules of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis stimulate and stress inhibits food intake. It is also not clear if stress is diabetogenic or an antidiabetogenic factor. The review will discusses these issues and the involvement of the whole HPA axis and its separate molecules (glucocorticoids, adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin-releasing hormone) in food intake regulation under stress
The Effect of Maternal Stress Activation on the Offspring during Lactation in Light of Vasopressin
Although it is obvious that preconceptional effects as well as stressors during pregnancy profoundly influence the progeny, the lactation period seems to be at least as important. Here we summarize how maternal stressors during the lactation period affect the offspring. As vasopressin is one of the crucial components both for stress adaptation and social behavior, special emphasis was given to this neuropeptide. We can conclude that stressing the mother does not have the same acute effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (as the main target of stress adaptation) of the pups as stressing the pups, but later endocrine and behavioral consequences can be similar. Vasopressin plays a role in acute and later consequences of perinatal stressor applied either to the mother or to the offspring, thereby contributing to transmitting the mothersâ stress to the progeny. This mother-infant interaction does not necessarily mean a direct transmission of molecules, but rather is the result of programming the brain development through changes in maternal behavior. Thus, there is a time lag between maternal stress and stress-related changes in the offspring. The interactions are bidirectional as not only stress in the dam but also stress in the progeny has an effect on nursing
The journey of parents bereaved by prenatal and perinatal loss to professional helpers
The study of prenatal and perinatal loss is a topic frequently discussed in international scientific research. Several forms of the absence and bereavement experience, characterized by complex pain,
occur in the period following the loss of an infant. We use the concept of complicated grief, which replaced the earlier stigmatizing expression of pathological or distorted grief. In our practice, many parents reported having symptoms such as sleep deprivation, isolation, reality perception disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation. We present best practices in psychological support for parents who have experienced prenatal and perinatal loss through Hungarian examples. Our practical and field research fits well into the international scientific public discourse, and we place the presentation of applied methods in a theoretical framework. In our review of the Hungarian practice, we aimed to present the full range of support services in Hungary, but the complexity of the topic allowed us to focus only on best practices in psychological support services available to parents bereaved by prenatal or perinatal loss
Beneficial effects of low carbohydrate diet and sports in patients with type 1 diabetes
To reduce obesity and cardiovascular risk, a combination of low carbohydrate diet and sport is a good choice in otherwise healthy individuals. However, among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), consuming a minimum of 130 g carbohydrates per day is recommended, and the desire to exercise decreased as well. We wanted to demonstrate that a low carbohydrate diet during physical activity in T1DM patients is safe with the right choice of insulin dosing and reduces the development of both short- and long-term complications. To this end, we collected data from T1DM patients on a normal and low carbohydrate diet using a questionnaire as well as measured blood glucose levels while exercising in healthy and T1DM patients. The main benefit of the diet was that it provided a safe exercise option with more stable blood glucose levels and lower bolus insulin requirements. Our data support that the emergence of new types of insulins, tissue glucose sensors, and pumps has provided the conditions for a freer, less complicated life for patients with T1DM, for which the combined use of a normal and low carbohydrate diet can be an important tool
A hipofizis-mellékvesekéreg rendszer agyi szabålyozåsa krónikus stresszt okozó betegségmodellekben = Regulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in chronic stress disease models
VizsgĂĄlataink sorĂĄn igazoltuk, hogy a krĂłnikus hipotalamo-hipofĂzis-mellĂ©kvese tengely aktivĂĄciĂłhoz szĂŒksĂ©ges a nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami jelenlĂ©te, bĂĄr mĂĄs agyterĂŒletekre is szĂŒksĂ©g van. Az ĂĄltalĂĄnos vĂ©lekedĂ©ssel ellentĂ©tben a vazopresszin szabĂĄlyozĂł szerepe nem kerĂŒl elĆtĂ©rbe krĂłnikus stressz sorĂĄn, illetve igazĂĄn hosszĂș stimulusok alkalmazĂĄsa szĂŒksĂ©ges kis hatĂĄs megjelenĂ©sĂ©hez. Akut stressz esetĂ©n a stressz fajtĂĄjĂĄtĂłl fĂŒggĆen tölt be a vazopresszin jĂĄrulĂ©kos szabĂĄlyozĂł szerepet. Ugyanakkor a vazopresszin ACTH-elvĂĄlasztĂĄst szabĂĄlyozĂł szerepe nagyon fontos perinatĂĄlisan, ekkor azonban a kortikoszteron szekrĂ©ciĂł ACTH-tĂłl fĂŒggetlenĂŒl szabĂĄlyozĂłdik, mely jelensĂ©g tovĂĄbbi vizsgĂĄlatokat igĂ©nyel. A kannabinoidok szerepĂ©t a CB1 receptor knockout egĂ©r törzsön vizsgĂĄlva sem az akut, sem a krĂłnikus stressz-reaktivitĂĄs befolyĂĄsolĂĄsĂĄban nem talĂĄltuk fontosnak ezt a receptorfĂ©lesĂ©get, ellenben az alap hormon-szintek tĂłnusos gĂĄtlĂĄsĂĄban lehet szerepe. | We confirmed that during chronic stress the role of nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation is important however not exclusive. The regulatory role of vasopressin does not come into front during prolonged stimuli or quite long procedure is needed. The role of vasopressin during acute regulation is stress-dependent and permissive. On the other hand during perinatal period the absence of vasopressin completely abolishes the stress-induced ACTH secretion while the corticosterone elevations seem to be reserved. This discrepancy needs further evaluation. We could not find a role of cannabinoids during acute and chronic stressful stimuli. However, in the absence of CB1 receptors the corticosterone resting levels were elevated in mice suggesting a constant inhibitory tone
Szteroidok: A glĂŒkokortikoidok Ă©lettani Ă©s gyĂłgyszertani hatĂĄsai
Absztrakt
Az orvosi gyakorlatban kiterjedten alkalmazzĂĄk a glĂŒkokortikoidokat elsĆsorban az
immunrendszer mƱködésének elnyomåsa, a gyulladåsos folyamatok gåtlåsa céljåból.
MĂĄsrĂ©szrĆl a nevĂŒket is adĂł Selye szerint az endogĂ©n molekulĂĄk az elsĆdleges
megvalĂłsĂtĂłi a kihĂvĂĄsokhoz valĂł alkalmazkodĂĄsnak, a stresszreakciĂłnak. A
glĂŒkokortikoidokat az 1940-es Ă©vekben szintetizĂĄltĂĄk, Ă©s azĂłta szĂĄmtalan adat
lĂĄtott napvilĂĄgot a termelĆdĂ©sĂŒkrĆl (szĂĄmos szervben lokĂĄlisan is),
szĂĄllĂtĂĄsukrĂłl (elsĆsorban a kortizolkötĆ globulinnal) Ă©s receptoraikrĂłl
(magreceptor Ă©s nem genomiĂĄlis hatĂĄsok). BĂĄr szabĂĄlyozĂĄsuk elsĆdlegesen a
hypothalamus-hipofĂzis-mellĂ©kvese tengely adrenokortikotropin hormonjĂĄnak
befolyĂĄsa alatt ĂĄll, de szĂĄmos egyĂ©b molekula (elsĆsorban katecholaminok a
mellĂ©kvesevelĆbĆl) is fokozhatja az elvĂĄlasztĂĄsukat. FĆ szerepĂŒk permisszĂv,
azaz a glĂŒkokortikoidok szĂĄmos egyĂ©b molekula hatĂĄsĂĄnak kifejtĂ©sĂ©hez
elengedhetetlenek (pĂ©ldĂĄul katecholaminok). Ăgy nagyon szerteĂĄgazĂł befolyĂĄssal
bĂrnak a metabolizmustĂłl a cardiovascularis hatĂĄsokon ĂĄt a csontanyagcserĂ©ig,
még a központi idegrendszeri mƱködések szabålyozåsåra is kihatåssal vannak. A
metabolikus szindrĂłma kapcsĂĄn is elĆtĂ©rbe kerĂŒltek. Kiterjedt terĂĄpiĂĄs
alkalmazåsukat a mellékhatåsok problémåsså teszik, amelyek kivédésére példåul az
anabolikus dehidroepiandroszteron egyidejƱ adagolĂĄsa is szĂłba kerĂŒlhet. Orv.
Hetil., 2015, 156(35), 1415â1425
The effects of lactation on impulsive behavior in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats
Vasopressin (AVP)-deficient Brattleboro rats develop a specific behavioral profile, whichâamong other thingsâinclude altered cognitive performance. This profile is markedly affected by alterations in neuroendocrine state of the animal such as during lactation. Given the links between AVP and cognition we hypothesized that AVP deficiency may lead to changes in impulsivity that is under cognitive control and the changes might be altered by lactation. Comparing virgin and lactating AVP-deficient female Brattleboro rats to their respective controls, we assessed the putative lactation-dependent effects of AVP deficiency on impulsivity in the delay discounting paradigm. Furthermore, to investigate the basis of such effects, we assessed possible interactions of AVP deficiency with GABAergic and serotonergic signaling and stress axis activity, systems playing important roles in impulse control. Our results showed that impulsivity was unaltered by AVP deficiency in virgin rats. In contrast a lactation-induced increase in impulsivity was abolished by AVP deficiency in lactating females. We also found that chlordiazepoxide-induced facilitation of GABAergic and imipramine-induced enhancement of serotonergic activity in virgins led to increased and decreased impulsivity, respectively. In contrast, during lactation these effects were visible only in AVP-deficient rats. These rats also exhibited increased stress axis activity compared to virgin animals, an effect that was abolished by AVP deficiency. Taken together, AVP appears to play a role in the regulation of impulsivity exclusively during lactation: it has an impulsivity increasing effect which is potentially mediated via stress axis-dependent mechanisms and fine-tuning of GABAergic and serotonergic function
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