Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substitution and Reduction on Soil Physical/Chemical Properties and Banana Growth in Banana Orchard

【Objective】Excessive use of fertilizers, low utilization rates of crop straw/livestock/poultry manure resources, and environmental pollution caused by agricultural and forestry waste restrict the development of agriculture. The scientific fertilization method of organic substitution+reduced fertilization was studied to provide technical support for the reduction of chemical fertilizer and soil fertility in banana production areas of the the Pearl River Delta.【Method】Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of organic substitution combined with reduced fertilization on banana growth, yield, quality and soil nutrients. The main purpose was to taking conventional fertilization as the control, four fertilizer managements were set up, including 10% reduction of fertilizer amount (10% reduction of nitrogen)+organic fertilizer (T1), 20% reduction of fertilizer amount (20% reduction of nitrogen)+organic fertilizer (T2), 10% reduction of fertilizer amount (10% reduction of nitrogen)+biochar-based-organic fertilizer (T3), and 20% reduction of fertilizer amount (20% reduction of nitrogen)+biochar-based-organic fertilizer (T4), then their effects on the banana growth, yield, and soil nutrients and physical and chemical properties were investigated.【Result】Compared with the control, Organic fertilizer substitution and reduction treatments (T1-T4) could increase the pH and organic matter content of the treated soil. Among them, pH had a more significant effect in ripening stage, increasing by 0.38-0.77. While the soil organic matter content increased more significantly in budding stage, increasing by 6.62%-56.09% compared to the control. Moreover, the soil organic matter content of soil increased with the increasing of organic material application amount. The content of large elements, Calcium and Magnesium in the treated soil during the ripening stage was generally higher than that during the budding stage, but the difference between treatments was not significant. T1-T4 treatment had positive effects on banana growth, yield, quality and leaf nutrient elements, among which the effect of T3 and T4 treatment with carbon-based organic fertilizer was better, and banana yield increased by 14.44% and 13.43% respectively. Soluble solid, soluble sugar, vitamin C content increased 13.09%-21.99%, 3.98%-17.32%, 28.09%-41.57%, respectively.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis of banana growth and soil physical/chemical properties, the organic fertilizer substitution combined with reduced fertilization treatment is suitable for the fertilizer reduction and efficient utilization of newly-planted bananas in the pearl river delta

Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation for improving balance capacity and activity of daily living in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background The application of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in stroke patients has received increasing attention due to its neuromodulation mechanisms. However, studies on the effect and safety of cerebellar TMS to improve balance capacity and activity of daily living (ADL) for stroke patients are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect and safety of cerebellar TMS on balance capacity and ADL in stroke patients. Method A systematic search of seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese Scientific Journal) were conducted from their inception to October 20, 2023. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cerebellar TMS on balance capacity and/or ADL in stroke patients were enrolled. The quality of included studies were assessed by Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results A total of 13 studies involving 542 participants were eligible. The pooled results from 8 studies with 357 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention Berg balance scale (BBS) score (MD = 4.24, 95%CI = 2.19 to 6.29, P < 0.00001; heterogeneity, I 2  = 74%, P = 0.0003). The pooled results from 4 studies with 173 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention Time Up and Go (TUG) (MD=-1.51, 95%CI=-2.8 to -0.22, P = 0.02; heterogeneity, I 2  = 0%, P = 0.41). The pooled results from 6 studies with 280 participants showed that cerebellar TMS could significantly improve the post-intervention ADL (MD = 7.75, 95%CI = 4.33 to 11.17, P < 0.00001; heterogeneity, I 2  = 56%, P = 0.04). The subgroup analysis showed that cerebellar TMS could improve BBS post-intervention and ADL post-intervention for both subacute and chronic stage stroke patients. Cerebellar high frequency TMS could improve BBS post-intervention and ADL post-intervention. Cerebellar TMS could still improve BBS post-intervention and ADL post-intervention despite of different cerebellar TMS sessions (less and more than 10 TMS sessions), different total cerebellar TMS pulse per week (less and more than 4500 pulse/week), and different cerebellar TMS modes (repetitive TMS and Theta Burst Stimulation). None of the studies reported severe adverse events except mild side effects in three studies. Conclusions Cerebellar TMS is an effective and safe technique for improving balance capacity and ADL in stroke patients. Further larger-sample, higher-quality, and longer follow-up RCTs are needed to explore the more reliable evidence of cerebellar TMS in the balance capacity and ADL, and clarify potential mechanisms

Supplementary document for Time delay interferometry with transfer oscillator - 6015337.pdf

Performance measurement of the electrical device

Design of an optical reference cavity with low thermal noise limit and flexible thermal expansion properties

An ultra-stable optical reference cavity with re-entrant fused silica mirrors and a ULE (Ultra Low Expansion) spacer structure is designed for the ultranarrow clock laser for an Al+ optical standard. The designed cavity has a low thermal noise limit of 1 × 10-16 and a flexible zero crossing temperature of the effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The CTE zero crossing temperature difference between a composite cavity and a pure ULE cavity can be tuned from  −10°C to 23°C, which enables operation of the designed reference cavity near room temperature without worrying about the CTE zero crossing temperature of the ULE spacer. This design can also be applied to cavities with different lengths. Vibration immunity of the cavity is also achieved through structure optimization