Barley and Malt in the Middle Age and Early Modern Period in Czech Lands

The history of the barley use as a raw material for malt- and beer production in middle ages and early modern era was still in the environment of the czech lands constructed solely on the basis of archival records and historical pictures. Less importance was given to archaeological fi nds. Unjustly neglected remained fi nds of botanical macro remains of barley and barley malt from younger historical epochs, although in the Central European context it is in terms of quantity and quality of the fi ndings a unique fi le. The aim of this article is therefore historical and archaeological context to highlight the benefi ts of archaeo botany for understanding the history of barley, while the integrity of the present all fi ndings malt barley in Czech republic

The past and the present of dwarf everlast \kur{(Helichrysum arenarium)} in the Czech Republic.

Historical and recent distribution, seed production in populations of different size, suitable microsites for recruitment and effects of grazing on growth and reproduction of Helichrysum arenarium were investigated. Results were used for making recommendations for conservation of this species

History of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Central Europe according to archaeobotanical findings.

This paper describes distribution and use of barley in prehistory and the Early Middle Ages in the context of the development of agriculture and landscape. Study focused on Central Europe, but also other European areas. Based on the analysis of archaeobotanic findings of barley, an interesting history of this key crop can be traced - from the introduction of barley into the package of grown plants in the Neolithic period to the commencement of the top medieval economy. In the period of the oldest farming, barley was only a marginal cereal in Central Europe, however, its frequency and importance gradually rose.This paper describes distribution and use of barley in prehistory and the Early Middle Ages in the context of the development of agriculture and landscape. Study focused on Central Europe, but also other European areas. Based on the analysis of archaeobotanic findings of barley, an interesting history of this key crop can be traced - from the introduction of barley into the package of grown plants in the Neolithic period to the commencement of the top medieval economy. In the period of the oldest farming, barley was only a marginal cereal in Central Europe, however, its frequency and importance gradually rose