465 research outputs found
ElektriÄna i preklopna svojstva tankih amorfnih slojeva ZnIn2Se4
In this work electrical and switching properties of amorphous ZnIn2Se4 thin films have been studied. The amorphous films were obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum, of polycrystalline materials, on glass or pyrographite substrates. From electrical measurements, it was found that for all films the dark electrical resistivity decreases with an increase of film thickness and temperature. The ZnIn2Se4 films exhibit nonlinear I-V characteristics and switching phenomena. The threshold voltage decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing film thickness.Istraživala su se elektriÄna i preklopna svojstva tankih amorfnih slojeva ZnIn2Se4. Amorfni su slojevi pripremljeni naparavanjem polikristaliniÄnih materijala na staklene ili pirografitne podloge u vakuumu. ElektriÄna mjerenja pokazuju da se za sve slojeve elektriÄni otpor u tami smanjuje s poveÄanjem debljine sloja i temperature. Slojevi ZnIn2Se4 pokazuju nelinearnu ovisnost I ā V i preklopna svojstva. Napon praga preklopa smanjuje se s poveÄanjem temperature i poveÄava za veÄe debljine slojeva
ElektriÄna i preklopna svojstva tankih amorfnih slojeva ZnIn2Se4
In this work electrical and switching properties of amorphous ZnIn2Se4 thin films have been studied. The amorphous films were obtained by thermal evaporation in vacuum, of polycrystalline materials, on glass or pyrographite substrates. From electrical measurements, it was found that for all films the dark electrical resistivity decreases with an increase of film thickness and temperature. The ZnIn2Se4 films exhibit nonlinear I-V characteristics and switching phenomena. The threshold voltage decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing film thickness.Istraživala su se elektriÄna i preklopna svojstva tankih amorfnih slojeva ZnIn2Se4. Amorfni su slojevi pripremljeni naparavanjem polikristaliniÄnih materijala na staklene ili pirografitne podloge u vakuumu. ElektriÄna mjerenja pokazuju da se za sve slojeve elektriÄni otpor u tami smanjuje s poveÄanjem debljine sloja i temperature. Slojevi ZnIn2Se4 pokazuju nelinearnu ovisnost I ā V i preklopna svojstva. Napon praga preklopa smanjuje se s poveÄanjem temperature i poveÄava za veÄe debljine slojeva
UÄinak opuÅ”tanja na prekidaÄka svojstva tankih slojeva CuInSeTe
The switching properties of amorphous CuInSeTe thin films have been investigated. The amorphous quaternary semiconductor CuInSeTe thin films ā¼ 220 nm and ā¼ 330 nm thick have been prepared by thermal evaporation of the bulk compound under vacuum of about 10ā4 Pa and with deposition rate about 8 nm/s. The structure of the bulk and thin films were investigated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The compositional studies of CuInSeTe in both powder and thin films were carried out by Perkin Elmer Model 1100 atomic absorption spectrometer. The annealing of the films at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 K) improves the switching characteristics and decrease the threshold voltage Vth. The threshold switching voltage and the threshold activation energy Es were found to decrease linearly with increasing annealing temperature. Moreover, the threshold switching voltage decreased exponentially with temperature.Istraživali smo prekidaÄka svojstva amorfnih tankih slojeva CuInSeTe. Tanke amorfne slojeve Äetiritvornog poluvodiÄa CuInSeTe debljine ā¼ 220 nm i ā¼ 330 nm pripremali smo naparavanjem spoja u vakuumu pri oko 10ā4 Pa, brzinom naparavanja od oko 8 nm/s. Strukturu praha i tankih slojeva odredili smo rendgenskom difrakcijom. Sastav CuInSeTe u prahu i tankih slojeva ispitali smo pomoÄu Perkin Elmer-ovog (model 1100) apsorpcijskog spektrometra. OpuÅ”tanje tankih slojeva na nizu temperatura (300, 350, 400, 450 i 500 K) poboljÅ”ava njihova preklopna svojstva i smanjuje napon praga preklopnog napona Vth. NaÅ”li smo da se prag preklopnog napona i prag aktivacijske energije Es linearno smanjuju s poveÄanjem temperature opuÅ”tanja. K tome, prag preklopnog napona smanjuje se eksponencijalno s temperaturom opuÅ”tanja
UÄinak opuÅ”tanja na prekidaÄka svojstva tankih slojeva CuInSeTe
The switching properties of amorphous CuInSeTe thin films have been investigated. The amorphous quaternary semiconductor CuInSeTe thin films ā¼ 220 nm and ā¼ 330 nm thick have been prepared by thermal evaporation of the bulk compound under vacuum of about 10ā4 Pa and with deposition rate about 8 nm/s. The structure of the bulk and thin films were investigated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The compositional studies of CuInSeTe in both powder and thin films were carried out by Perkin Elmer Model 1100 atomic absorption spectrometer. The annealing of the films at different annealing temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 K) improves the switching characteristics and decrease the threshold voltage Vth. The threshold switching voltage and the threshold activation energy Es were found to decrease linearly with increasing annealing temperature. Moreover, the threshold switching voltage decreased exponentially with temperature.Istraživali smo prekidaÄka svojstva amorfnih tankih slojeva CuInSeTe. Tanke amorfne slojeve Äetiritvornog poluvodiÄa CuInSeTe debljine ā¼ 220 nm i ā¼ 330 nm pripremali smo naparavanjem spoja u vakuumu pri oko 10ā4 Pa, brzinom naparavanja od oko 8 nm/s. Strukturu praha i tankih slojeva odredili smo rendgenskom difrakcijom. Sastav CuInSeTe u prahu i tankih slojeva ispitali smo pomoÄu Perkin Elmer-ovog (model 1100) apsorpcijskog spektrometra. OpuÅ”tanje tankih slojeva na nizu temperatura (300, 350, 400, 450 i 500 K) poboljÅ”ava njihova preklopna svojstva i smanjuje napon praga preklopnog napona Vth. NaÅ”li smo da se prag preklopnog napona i prag aktivacijske energije Es linearno smanjuju s poveÄanjem temperature opuÅ”tanja. K tome, prag preklopnog napona smanjuje se eksponencijalno s temperaturom opuÅ”tanja
Izrada i znaÄajke tankih polikristaliniÄnih hetero-spojeva n-Cd0.9Zn0.1S/p-CuGa0.3In0.7Se2
CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 polycrystalline thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of about 10-4Pa, with a deposition rate of about 200 nm/min. The selenization of these films at 723 K improves their properties. The activation energy as well as the optical energy gap of the investigated samples decreased with annealing and selenization. Polycrystalline thin film n-Cd0.9Zn0.1S/p-CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 heterojunctions were fabricated and the current density - voltage and capacitance - voltage characteristics of the junction were studied. The heterojunctions were exposed to light, and under illumination of 1000 mWcm-2, the open circuit voltage was 580 mV, the short circuit current density 4.8 mAcm-2, the fill factor 0.682 and the electrical conversion efficiency was 1.898% for cells of active area of 1 cm2.Tanke polikristaliniÄne slojeve CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 pripremali smo naparavanjem u vakuumu oko 10ā4 Pa, brzinom polaganja oko 200 nm/min. Seleniranje tih slojeva na 723 K poboljÅ”ava im svojstva. Aktivacijska energija i optiÄki energijski procijep smanjuju se opuÅ”tanjem i seleniranjem. Pripremali smo i polikristaliniÄne tankoslojne hetero-spojeve n-Cd0.9Zn0.1S/p-CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 i prouÄavali njihova znaÄajke: gustoÄa struje ā napon i kapacitet ā napon. Äelije ploÅ”tine 1 cm2 heterospojeva osvijetlili smo svjetloÅ”Äu jakosti 1000 mW/cm2 i izmjerili napon otvorenog kruga od 580 mV, gustoÄu struje kratkog spoja 4.8 mAcmā2 , faktor punjenja 0.682 i uÄinkovitost pretvorbe 1.898%
Izrada i znaÄajke tankih polikristaliniÄnih hetero-spojeva n-Cd0.9Zn0.1S/p-CuGa0.3In0.7Se2
CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 polycrystalline thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of about 10-4Pa, with a deposition rate of about 200 nm/min. The selenization of these films at 723 K improves their properties. The activation energy as well as the optical energy gap of the investigated samples decreased with annealing and selenization. Polycrystalline thin film n-Cd0.9Zn0.1S/p-CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 heterojunctions were fabricated and the current density - voltage and capacitance - voltage characteristics of the junction were studied. The heterojunctions were exposed to light, and under illumination of 1000 mWcm-2, the open circuit voltage was 580 mV, the short circuit current density 4.8 mAcm-2, the fill factor 0.682 and the electrical conversion efficiency was 1.898% for cells of active area of 1 cm2.Tanke polikristaliniÄne slojeve CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 pripremali smo naparavanjem u vakuumu oko 10ā4 Pa, brzinom polaganja oko 200 nm/min. Seleniranje tih slojeva na 723 K poboljÅ”ava im svojstva. Aktivacijska energija i optiÄki energijski procijep smanjuju se opuÅ”tanjem i seleniranjem. Pripremali smo i polikristaliniÄne tankoslojne hetero-spojeve n-Cd0.9Zn0.1S/p-CuGa0.3In0.7Se2 i prouÄavali njihova znaÄajke: gustoÄa struje ā napon i kapacitet ā napon. Äelije ploÅ”tine 1 cm2 heterospojeva osvijetlili smo svjetloÅ”Äu jakosti 1000 mW/cm2 i izmjerili napon otvorenog kruga od 580 mV, gustoÄu struje kratkog spoja 4.8 mAcmā2 , faktor punjenja 0.682 i uÄinkovitost pretvorbe 1.898%
Strukturna i elektriÄna svojstva tankih slojeva kalkogenida CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 i CuSbS2
The ternary chalcogenides CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 were synthesized by the direct fusion technique. The thin films of these compounds were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of about 1.3 mPa (10ā5 Torr) and the rate of deposition was 30 nm/min. The structural properties of CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 in powder and thin film forms were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronmicroscopy. Microprobe analysis technique was used to investigate the composition of the three alloys and of their films. The electrical conductivity Ļ and the thermoelectrical power Q have been measured for all asdeposited and annealed thin films, as a function of temperature in the range from 80 to 500 K. It was found that the electrical conductivity Ļ, the carrier concentration P, the mobility Āµ and the thermoelectric power Q increase when increasing the annealing temperature for CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 thin films. The increase of Ļ, P, Āµ and Q, and also the decrease of the activation energy āE with increasing temperature for the as-deposited CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 thin films, can be attributed to the change in the structure of these films from the amorphous to the crystalline state.Trokomponentne smo kalkogenide CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 pripremili metodom talenja. Tanke smo slojeve tih spojeva pripremali isparavanjem u vakuumu od oko 1.3 mPa, brzinom nanoÅ”enja oko 30 nm/min. Strukturna svojstva tih kalkogenida, kako praÅ”kova, tako i tankih slojeva, istraživali smo difrakcijom rendgenskog zraÄenja i prolaznom elektronskom mikroskopijom. PomoÄu mikroprobe odredili smo kemijski sastav spojeva i njihovih tankih slojeva. Izmjerili smo elektriÄnu vodljivost, Ļ, i termoelektriÄnu snagu, Q, svih svježe naparenih i opuÅ”tenih legura i njihovih tankih slojeva u ovisnosti o temperaturi u podruÄju 80 do 500 K. ElektriÄna vodljivost, gustoÄa nositelja, P, mobilnost, Āµ, i termoelektriÄna snaga, Q, poveÄavaju se ako se tanki slojevi opuÅ”taju na viÅ”im temperaturama. PoveÄanje Ļ, P, Āµ and Q, a takoÄer smanjenje aktivacijske energije, āE, u tankim slojevima CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 i CuSbS2 tumaÄe se promjenama strukture tih slojeva od amorfnog u kristaliniÄno stanje
Strukturna i elektriÄna svojstva tankih slojeva kalkogenida CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 i CuSbS2
The ternary chalcogenides CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 were synthesized by the direct fusion technique. The thin films of these compounds were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of about 1.3 mPa (10ā5 Torr) and the rate of deposition was 30 nm/min. The structural properties of CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 in powder and thin film forms were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronmicroscopy. Microprobe analysis technique was used to investigate the composition of the three alloys and of their films. The electrical conductivity Ļ and the thermoelectrical power Q have been measured for all asdeposited and annealed thin films, as a function of temperature in the range from 80 to 500 K. It was found that the electrical conductivity Ļ, the carrier concentration P, the mobility Āµ and the thermoelectric power Q increase when increasing the annealing temperature for CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 thin films. The increase of Ļ, P, Āµ and Q, and also the decrease of the activation energy āE with increasing temperature for the as-deposited CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 thin films, can be attributed to the change in the structure of these films from the amorphous to the crystalline state.Trokomponentne smo kalkogenide CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 and CuSbS2 pripremili metodom talenja. Tanke smo slojeve tih spojeva pripremali isparavanjem u vakuumu od oko 1.3 mPa, brzinom nanoÅ”enja oko 30 nm/min. Strukturna svojstva tih kalkogenida, kako praÅ”kova, tako i tankih slojeva, istraživali smo difrakcijom rendgenskog zraÄenja i prolaznom elektronskom mikroskopijom. PomoÄu mikroprobe odredili smo kemijski sastav spojeva i njihovih tankih slojeva. Izmjerili smo elektriÄnu vodljivost, Ļ, i termoelektriÄnu snagu, Q, svih svježe naparenih i opuÅ”tenih legura i njihovih tankih slojeva u ovisnosti o temperaturi u podruÄju 80 do 500 K. ElektriÄna vodljivost, gustoÄa nositelja, P, mobilnost, Āµ, i termoelektriÄna snaga, Q, poveÄavaju se ako se tanki slojevi opuÅ”taju na viÅ”im temperaturama. PoveÄanje Ļ, P, Āµ and Q, a takoÄer smanjenje aktivacijske energije, āE, u tankim slojevima CuSbTe2, CuSbSe2 i CuSbS2 tumaÄe se promjenama strukture tih slojeva od amorfnog u kristaliniÄno stanje
Kristalna struktura i optiÄka svojstva sustava Bi-Sb-Te-Se
The quaternary systems of Bi-Sb-Te-Se were synthesized by direct fusion technique. Thin films of these compounds were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of 10ā4 Pa. The structural properties of these compounds in powder and thin film forms were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The optical constants (absorption coefficient and band gap) of the thin films were determined by measurements of IR absorbance in the region 2.5 ā 10 Āµm. Analysis of the optical absorption spectra revealed the existence of two direct energy gaps.Sintetizirali smo sustave Bi-Sb-Te-Se sa Äetiri sastavnice izravnom metodom staljivanja. Tanke slojeve tih spojeva pripremali smo isparavanjem u vakuumu (na 10ā4 Pa). Primjenom rendgenske difrakcije odredili smo strukturna svojstva praha i tankih slojeva tih spojeva. OptiÄke konstante tankih slojeva (koeficijent apsorpcije i procijep medāu vrpcama) odredili smo mjerenjem apsorpcije u podruÄju 2.5 ā 10 Āµm. Analiza optiÄkih apsorpcijskih spektara pokazuje dva izravna procijepa
Kristalna struktura i optiÄka svojstva sustava Bi-Sb-Te-Se
The quaternary systems of Bi-Sb-Te-Se were synthesized by direct fusion technique. Thin films of these compounds were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum of 10ā4 Pa. The structural properties of these compounds in powder and thin film forms were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The optical constants (absorption coefficient and band gap) of the thin films were determined by measurements of IR absorbance in the region 2.5 ā 10 Āµm. Analysis of the optical absorption spectra revealed the existence of two direct energy gaps.Sintetizirali smo sustave Bi-Sb-Te-Se sa Äetiri sastavnice izravnom metodom staljivanja. Tanke slojeve tih spojeva pripremali smo isparavanjem u vakuumu (na 10ā4 Pa). Primjenom rendgenske difrakcije odredili smo strukturna svojstva praha i tankih slojeva tih spojeva. OptiÄke konstante tankih slojeva (koeficijent apsorpcije i procijep medāu vrpcama) odredili smo mjerenjem apsorpcije u podruÄju 2.5 ā 10 Āµm. Analiza optiÄkih apsorpcijskih spektara pokazuje dva izravna procijepa
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