Ethical and Unethical Methods of Plagiarism Prevention in Academic Writing

This paper discusses plagiarism origins, and the ethical solutions to prevent it. It also reviews some unethical approaches, which may be used to decrease the plagiarism rate in academic writings. We propose eight ethical techniques to avoid unconscious and accidental plagiarism in manuscripts without using online systems such as Turnitin and/or iThenticate for cross checking and plagiarism detection. The efficiency of the proposed techniques is evaluated on five different texts using students individually. After application of the techniques on the texts, they were checked by Turnitin to produce the plagiarism and similarity report. At the end, the “effective factor” of each method has been compared with each other; and the best result went to a hybrid combination of all techniques to avoid plagiarism. The hybrid of ethical methods decreased the plagiarism rate reported by Turnitin from nearly 100 to the average of 8.4 on 5 manuscripts

Extending birthday paradox theory to estimate the number of tags in RFID systems.

The main objective of Radio Frequency Identification systems is to provide fast identification for tagged objects. However, there is always a chance of collision, when tags transmit their data to the reader simultaneously. Collision is a time-consuming event that reduces the performance of RFID systems. Consequently, several anti-collision algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA (DFSA) is one of the most popular of these algorithms. DFSA dynamically modifies the frame size based on the number of tags. Since the real number of tags is unknown, it needs to be estimated. Therefore, an accurate tag estimation method has an important role in increasing the efficiency and overall performance of the tag identification process. In this paper, we propose a novel estimation technique for DFSA anti-collision algorithms that applies birthday paradox theory to estimate the number of tags accurately. The analytical discussion and simulation results prove that the proposed method increases the accuracy of tag estimation and, consequently, outperforms previous schemes

Average number of different birthdays as the number of people increases.

<p>Average number of different birthdays as the number of people increases.</p

Average identification time for each tag in different methods.

<p>Average identification time for each tag in different methods.</p

Total number of slots need to identify tags in different methods.

<p>Total number of slots need to identify tags in different methods.</p

A short summary of the existing tag estimation methods’ characteristics.

<p>A short summary of the existing tag estimation methods’ characteristics.</p

Comparison of estimation error among different methods.

<p>Comparison of estimation error among different methods.</p

A short summary of the birthday paradox-based tag estimation method's characteristics.

<p>A short summary of the birthday paradox-based tag estimation method's characteristics.</p

Applied DFSA anti-collision algorithms.

<p>Applied DFSA anti-collision algorithms.</p

Comparison of estimated number of tags among different methods.

<p>Comparison of estimated number of tags among different methods.</p