Controlled Transformation of Electrical, Magnetic and Optical Material Properties by Ion Beams

Key circumstance of radical progress for technology of XXI century is the development of a technique which provides controllable producing three-dimensional patterns incorporating regions of nanometer sizes and required physical and chemical properties. Our paper for the first time proposes the method of purposeful direct transformation of the most important substance physical properties, such as electrical, magnetic, optical and others by controllable modification of solid state atomic constitution. The basis of the new technology is discovered by us effect of selective atom removing out of thin di- and polyatomic films by beams of accelerated particles. Potentials of that technique have been investigated and confirmed by our numerous experiments. It has been shown, particularly, that selective atom removing allows to transform in a controllable way insulators into metals, non-magnetics into magnetics, to change radically optical features and some other properties of materials. The opportunity to remove selectively atoms of a certain sort out of solid state compounds is, as such, of great interest in creating technology associated primarily with needs of nanoelectronics as well as many other "nano-problems" of XXI century.Comment: 22 pages, PDF, 9 figure

МИНИ-ИНВАЗИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ЛЕЧЕНИИ РАКА ПРАВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ ТОЛСТОЙ КИШКИ, ОСЛОЖНЕННОГО ТОЛСТОКИШЕЧНОЙ НЕПРОХОДИМОСТЬЮ

The case demonstrates an opportunity of safe and successful colonic stenting to treat bowel obstruction with following laparoscopic radical intervention for right-sided colon cancer localization. The colonic stent as a “bridge to the surgery” improves immediate results and surviving rate in elderly patients with complicated right-sided colon cancer and severe concomitant disease.Клинический случай демонстрирует возможность успешного и безопасного применения стентирования толстой кишки для лечения кишечной непроходимости и последующей лапароскопической радикальной операции при правосторонней локализации опухоли толстой кишки. Использование стентирования толстой кишки в качестве «моста к хирургии» позволяет улучшить непосредственные результаты и выживаемость среди пожилых больных с осложненным раком правой половины толстой кишки и тяжелой сопутствующей патологией

CLINICAL VALUE OF THE SURROGATE INDICATORS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHROSIS CONCURRENT WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Objective: to study the prevalence of a number of surrogate measures of atherosclerosis among patients with knee osteoarthrosis (KOA) and chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD) and to determine the nature of their relationship to their functional state and the amount of muscle mass. Subjects and methods. Twenty patients with KOA and CCHD were examined. The rigidity of the vascular wall was judged from pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the elastic vessels, by calculating a carotid-femoral index (CFI). Endothelial function was evaluated from endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDVD) in a reactive hyperemia test. Common carotid artery scanning was used to estimate the thickness of the intima-media complex (IMC) in the carotid arteries. A bicycle ergometry exercise was performed in all the patients; exercise tolerance (ET) was determined by the amount of oxygen consumed while calculating a metabolic equivalent (MET). A bioimpedance analyzer was applied to measure the amount of muscle mass, by determining the percentages of active cell mass (ACM%) and lean mass (LM%) of total body weight. The levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. A control group consisted of 20 matched individuals without CCHD. Results and discussion. There was a prognostically favorable CFI increase (> 12 m/sec) in 20% of the patients with CCHD and in 10% of the controls (z = 0.15; p = 0.78), endothelial vasomotor dysfunction (EDVD < 10%) in 55% of the patients with CCHD and in 50% of the controls (z = 0.76; p = 0.55); a more than 0.9-mm IMC increase in 60% of the patients with CCHD. The bulk of the patients with pathological vascular rigidity and endothelial vasomotor dysfunction had a low ET. The CCHD patients with a low ET showed significant correlations of CFI and ACM% and LM% (r = -0.36; p < 0.05 and r = -0.39; p < 0.05, respectively), EDVD with ACM% and LM% (r = 0.51; p < 0.05 and r = 0.45;

Physical activity, vasomotor endothelial function, and arterial stiffness

Aim. To study the prevalence of selected parameters of subclinical atherosclerosis and their association with muscle function and muscle volume in patients with different levels of cardiovascular risk (CVR). Material and methods. The study included 20 patients (11 men and 9 women; mean age 54,5±8,5 years) with chronic coronary heart disease (CCHD; mean duration 6,4±2,3 years) in the main group (MG), as well as 20 CCHD-free people in the control group (CG). Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and calculated carotid-femoral index (CFI). Endothelial function was assessed by endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) in the reactive hyperemia (RH) test. Common carotid artery (CCA) ultrasound was performed in order to assess intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. All participants underwent veloergometry (VEM); exercise capacity (EC) was measured by calculated metabolic equivalents (MET). Muscle tissue volume was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. The percentage of active muscle mass (%AMM) and fat-free muscle mass (%FFM), out of the total body mass, was calculated. Results. Increased CFI values &gt;12 m/s, as a marker of adverse prognosis, were observed in 20% CCHD patients and in 10% of controls (z=0,17; p=0,87). Vasomotor endothelial dysfunction (EDVD &lt;10%) was registered in 65% and 50%, respectively (z=0,74; p=0,46), while increased IMT values &gt;0,9 mm were observed in 55% and 15%, respectively (z=2,3; p=0,02). Most patients with pathologically increased arterial stiffness and vasomotor endothelial dysfunction had low EC. In CCHD patients with low EC, CFI significantly correlated with %AMM and %FFM (r=-0,32; p&lt;0,05; and r=-0,36; p&lt;0,05, respectively). EDVD significantly correlated with both %AMM and %FFM (r=0,47; p&lt;0,05; and r=0,5; p&lt;0,05, respectively). There was a significant correlation between CFI and EDVD (r=-0,3; p&lt;0,05). In CG participants with low EC, EDVD correlated with %AMM and %FFM (r=0723; p&lt;0,05 and r=0,7; p&lt;0,05, respectively). In both groups, %AMM and %FFM correlated with MET (r=0,49; p&lt;0,05 and r=0,55; p&lt;0,05, respectively; r=0,34; p&lt;0,05 and r=0,31; p&lt;0,05, respectively). Conclusion. EDVD and PWV reflect the lower PA levels and functional disadaptation of CCHD patients, which can result in a faster progression of atherosclerosis

MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH FOR RIGHT-SIDED COLON CANCER, COMPLICATED BY LARGE-BOWEL OBSTRUCTION

The case demonstrates an opportunity of safe and successful colonic stenting to treat bowel obstruction with following laparoscopic radical intervention for right-sided colon cancer localization. The colonic stent as a “bridge to the surgery” improves immediate results and surviving rate in elderly patients with complicated right-sided colon cancer and severe concomitant disease