ЕКСПЕРТНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДЕЗОМОРФІНУ

The article deals with the problem of circulation of codeine containing drugs on the territory of Ukraine and its legal regulation. It provides an overview of the history of origin and main pharmacological properties of desomorphine, a semisynthetic opioid that is classified as a particularly dangerous controlled narcotic. The article describes main stages in desomorphine crude synthesis, the appearance of desomorphine samples in illegal circulation; it also suggests a scheme for identification of desomorphine in objects under study with the use of quality analysis methods applying common alkaloid reagents (Marquis, Froehde, Mandelin), ascending and 2-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography. The results obtained with quality reaction and thin-layer chromatography method with the use ofdeveloping reagents are presented in the respective tables and graphs. The suggested methods are informative, they can be used in express-analysis of unknown narcotics and crude psychotropic substances, particularly desomorphine, in expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the Ministry for Internal Affairs of Ukraine to solve identification, classification and diagnostic expert tasks.Розглянуто методи дослідження поширеного на території України напівсинтетичного опіоїду - дезоморфіну: його синтезу та дослідження методами загальної хімії, тонкошарової хроматографії, газорідинної хроматографії, хромато-мас-спектрометрії

Coke formation in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene by TEOM

A packed bed microbalance reactor setup (TEOM-GC) is used to investigate the formation of coke as a function of time-on-stream on gamma-Al2O3 and 3P/SiO2 catalyst samples under different conditions for the ODH reaction of ethylbenzene to styrene. All samples show a linear correlation of the styrene selectivity and yield with the initial coverage of coke. The COX production increases with the coverage of coke. On the 3 wt% P/SiO2 sample, the initial coke build-up is slow and the coke deposition rate increases with time. On alumina-based catalyst samples, a fast initial coke build-up takes place, decreasing with time-on-stream, but the amount of coke does not stabilize. A higher O-2 : EB feed ratio results in more coke, and a higher temperature results in less coke. This coking behaviour of Al2O3 can be described by existing "monolayer-multilayer" models. Further, the coverage of coke on the catalyst varies with the position in the bed. For maximal styrene selectivity, the optimal coverage of coke should be sufficient to convert all O-2, but as low as possible to prevent selectivity loss by COX production. This is in favour of high temperature and low O-2 : EB feed ratios. The optimal coke coverage depends in a complex way on all the parameters: temperature, the O-2 : EB feed ratio, reactant concentrations, and the type of starting material.</p

ЕКСПЕРТНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРИЦИКЛІЧНИХ АНТИДЕПРЕСАНТІВ

Consideration is given to the methods of examining the tricyclic antidepressants (tianeptine, amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, clomipramine). We selected the most sensitive reagents allowing to differentiate and identify these medicines; carried out their examinations by thin-layer chromatography; selected the organic solvent systems and obtained chromatographic characteristics. The IR spectroscopy method was used to determine the main absorption bands typical for medicinal substances under examination.Розглянуто методи дослідження трициклічних антидепресантів (тіанептину, амітриптиліну, іміпраміну, доксепіну, кломіпраміну). Підібрано найбільш чутливі реактиви, що дозволяють диференціювати та ідентифікувати зазначені лікарські засоби. Проведено їх дослідження методом тонкошарової хроматографії, підібрано системи органічних розчинників і отримано хроматографічні характеристики. Методом ІЧ-спектроскопії визначено основні смуги поглинання, характерні для лікарських речовин, що досліджувалися