On the Presence of Particles at the Wall of Gas Fluidized Beds

In this study, the role of hydrodynamics of the dense bed on the particle convection is outlined. The existing models in the literature suggest a constant decrease of particle-wall contact time with an increase in the gas velocity. However, it has been experimentally shown that the contact time increases both in bubbling and turbulent regimes upon increasing the gas velocity. A comprehensive model is developed to represent such a trend and improve agreement with experimental data presented in literature. Comparison of predicted results with the experimental data from the literature confirms the validity of the present model for the dense bed region of fluidized bed of sand particles

Myocardial Infarction in a Young Female with Palindromic Rheumatism: A Consequence of Negative Remodeling

Palindromic rheumatism is a rare disease associated with systemic inflammation. Negative or constrictive coronary artery remodeling is typically not seen until the 7th or 8th decade of life. We report a case of a young female with palindromic rheumatism who suffered a non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction secondary to a flow-limiting lesion that demonstrated negative remodeling by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)

The symbolic Role of Water in Iranian- Islamic Architecture based on Spirituality

The architecture of our traditional buildings in the Islamic era reached to the extent that the traditional architects of Islamic period due to their beliefs would see architecture beyond the body as well as considering its duty the induction of the symbolic and mysterious meanings. In their perspective, a building was a tool to induce spiritual concepts. One of the elements which was focused in The Holy book and mysticism is the element of the water. Water in Islamic traditional architecture reached to its higher spiritual position in a way that by investigating the buildings in this era we can find out the symbolic role of water through philosophy and theology. The term water was mentioned in The Holy book several times as well as great poets referring to it. That’s why architects have tried to consider water as an important element in their buildings. This article is trying to study the symbol role of water in Iran - Islamic architectures based on spirituality as well as pointing to its importance for Muslim architects through examples. Research Methods are based on library studies as well as being descriptive analytic. The findings of the study show that in Islamic era water in architecture was to induce the belief and ideas which The Holy book has referred to and talked about. On the other hand, considering this dimension by traditional architects led to the creation of beauty in their architecture. It is hoped that by considering this approach we could pay more attention to present architecture and try to benefit Islamic values in our buildings

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed