Tele Education in Diabetic Patients during Coronavirus Outbreak

The number of cases of infection to coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, human casualties and economic losses are increasing, and one of the high-risk groups in which the risk of infection and death is high is diabetics. People with diabetes experience severe symptoms and complications if they are infected by COVID-19. One way to control and prevent the spread of the coronavirus is to stay home, avoid daily physical interactions, and quarantine at home. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and the importance of long-term follow-up, Tele education in diabetic patients is one of the methods that provide care using communication means. As the quality of information received by diabetic patients improves, their awareness of treatment goals and, consequently, their acceptance of treatment methods will increase, which in turn will lead to greater effectiveness and better treatment outcomes. Finally, Tele education reduces contact between diabetics and physicians, therapists, and health care providers, thereby reducing the risk of disease

Investigating the Causes of Elderly People Leaving Home during Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) disease affects all age groups, especially the elderly, and regarding the high mortality rate among the elderly, preventive measures are needed to reduce mortality in the elderly. AIM: This study was conducted to investigate the causes of in elderly people leaving home in time of COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study performed on 1656 elderly people in Urmia, Iran, by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, a questionnaire on the causes of the elderly leaving home during the COVID-19 epidemic. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher tests using SPSS 23 software. RESULTS: The results revealed that the highest concern of the elderly to leave home was to receive health services (45.89%) such as visiting the doctor or the caregiver, receiving medication, and so on. As the second priority, buying daily necessities such as bread, food, clothes … (42.75%) was one of the reasons for the elderly to leave home. Furthermore, education, gender, age, underlying diseases, occupation, and living conditions of the elderly were related to the needs of health services and living necessities and this relationship was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Effective interventions should be designed based on the causes of the elderly leaving home, including the use of home distance care and health ambassadors to estimate the needs and causes of leaving home. Therefore, the elderly would be protected from this disease and its mortality

Social Mobilization in the Wake of Coronavirus Disease-19: A Brief Report of a Planned Approach to Community Health in Iran

BACKGROUND: Several plans have been taken by health system to deal with COVID-19. The rapid spread of the virus and the special care that critical patients need put a major pressure on the healthcare system, which may not be able to compensate for its dimensions in various aspects. Therefore, the participation and cooperation of the society in the form of mobilizing the society with the health system will be effective in controlling and preventing this disease. AIM: The overall purpose of this study is to design a community mobilization framework based on the PATCH Model to prevent the spread and control of coronavirus disease. METHODS: This community-based research is a type of health system research (HSR) which designs the community mobilization framework based on the PATCH Model RESULTS: In this project, the community mobilization framework is in the form of the PATCH Model. In this study, interventions and activities will be performed based on the PATCH Model in the neighborhood. Health volunteers consist of popular volunteers, Basij, clerics, neighborhood trustees, donors. After training and issuing the identification card, Corona Anti-Corruption Assistant will start operating. Activities will be purposeful in three areas: education and information, neighborhood surveillance, and disinfection. CONCLUSION: Community mobilization for disease prevention and control in the neighborhood using the PATCH model as presented will be effective

The relationship between marital satisfaction andmen,s awareness and practice towards PMS among couples in Kerman

Background and Aims: Marital satisfaction makes couples feel comfort in their life. Premenstrual syndrome is an event ichallenging the social adjustment and normal activities of person. This study aims to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and men,s awareness and practice towards PMS in the city of Kerman in 2016.Materials and methods: This descriptive analytic study was carried out on 240 couples referred to health centers in Kerman city. The data collection was performed through the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool, a standard questionnaire Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) to determine marital satisfaction, and a questionnaire on men,s awareness and practice towards Premenstrual syndrome. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA using SPSS software and correlation tests to evaluate differences between the results. Ethical issues were also considered in all stages of study.Results: The results indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between men,s and women›s satisfaction. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between men,s and women,s satisfaction with the men,s behavior(p=0.001). However, an inverse but significant relationship between the severity of premenstrual syndrome symptoms and men,s and women,s satisfaction was obtained (p=0.002, r=0.138).Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between awarness and practice scores, it can be expected that with increased awareness of couples about premenstrual syndrome, marital satisfaction could be improved.Keywords: Marital Relationship, Premenstrual Syndrome, Awareness, Practic

Epidemiology, Prevention and Control Strategies of Coronavirus COVID 19 in Iran: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Following the announcement of the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020, of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 as a global and emergency state of international health emergency; posing a serious threat to the physical health and lives of individuals transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. The virus causes respiratory symptoms and damages to other organs, sometimes leading to death in case of exacerbation of symptoms. AIM: This study was conducted through reviewing various articles related to COVID-19 disease, with the purpose of reviewing the epidemiology, prevention and control strategies of COVID-19 coronavirus in Iran. METHODS: In the present review study, the articles indexing in the Persian and Latin databases of SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, MedRxiv, and WHO were examined based on MESH keywords. Finally, 38 articles, 5 protocols and reports were reviewed. RESULTS: According to the report of the WHO on July 22, 2020, 14,765,256 people worldwide have been infected and 612,054 people have died of this virus. Moreover, in Iran, according to the WHO report, 278,827 people were infected and 14,634 people died of the virus until July 22, 2020. Respiratory droplets are the main way of transmission and it can also be transmitted through close contact. According to research, 51% of patients with chronic disease show symptoms such as fever (83%), cough (82%), shortness of breath (31%), muscle pain (11%), fatigue (9%), headache (8%), sore throat (5%), had rhinorrhea (4%), chest pain (2%), diarrhea (2%), and nausea and vomiting (1%). There is currently no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and clinical treatment for COVID-19 has so far been limited to prophylaxis and palliative care. Quarantine alone is not enough to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Basic health measurements to prevent the spread of the disease include frequent handwashing and the use of personal protective equipment such as masks. CONCLUSION: Extensive research can be the key to solve the existing challenges in the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. The best ways to fight the new corona disease include educating the people, providing accurate information, providing personal protective equipment, canceling meetings and emphasizing citizens homeliving and regular handwashing, observing social distancing, and finally identifying suspicious cases and quarantine

Investigating Social Health and Its Related Factors among Male Prisoners of Urmia in 2016

Background: Social health, as one of the key components of health, plays an important role in ensuring the dynamism and efficacy of each society. It is considered as one of the health assessment criteria of various communities and prisoners have many health needs. The aim of this study was to assess social health and its related factors among male prisoners. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 200 male prisoners in the central prison of Urmia using simple random sampling method in 2016. The instruments included Keyes Social Health Questionnaire to measure social health and a demographic questionnaire containing demographic information on type of crime. The data analysis was performed using chi-square, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe tests in SPSS16. Results: Mean score of social health of male prisoners was 65.01 (10.11) from the total score of 100. Social health was associated with variables like education, marital status, occupation and economic status. The results also showed that assault offenders had the lowest level of social health and there was a significant relationship between social health and crime type (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between the crime type and the social health of male prisoners, it is necessary to adopt policies for the promotion of prisoners&rsquo; level of social health in order to improve their other health dimensions and to prevent the recurrence of crime

The Relation between the Type of Crime Committed and the Mental Health Status of the Female Prisoners in Urmia

Background: The mental health of female prisoners as a high-risk group is very important. Evaluating their health needs has been neglected in most societies. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relation between the type of crime committed and the mental health status of the female prisoners in Urmia province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 female prisoners in 2016. The standard questionnaire of general health with 28 questions and also a questionnaire including demographic information, the type of crime, and the conviction period were used in order to evaluate the mental health status. The collected information was analysed through SPSS16 and by using chi-square test, Fisher&rsquo;s exact test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that 74% of the female prisoners were suspected to have mental disorder and the least of it was depression with 20.4 per cent being affected by it and the most severe mental disorder pertaining to social function with 78% being affected. Also, the prisoner who had committed murder or had been accomplices for murder, and those sentenced to death had the worst mental health. The statistical relation between mental health and the type of crime and the length of the sentence was significant and the odds ratio of mental disorders among women who were sentenced for murder and for being accomplices to murder was 2.4 times that of women who were convicted for crimes related to drugs. Conclusion: Considering the poor mental health of female prisoners and its relationship with the severity of the crime and the conviction period, it is necessary to make policies to promote mental health in prisoners in order to promote the other aspects of prisoners&rsquo; health and also to prevent the recurrence of crime after the discharge from prison.&nbsp

Assessing the Predictors of Intention and Behavior in Using Virtual Social Networks Among Students of the Yazd University of Medical Sciences Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

Introduction: Nowadays, use of virtual socail networks is increasing . However, few studies have been conducted&nbsp; about&nbsp; factors influencing the use of social networks by using theories of health education&nbsp; among students.&nbsp; The present study was to determine predictive factors of virtual social networks among students of Yazd university of medical sciences based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 Students in 2016, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The &nbsp;study data was collected from a questionnaire based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions and behaviors. The data collected were then analyzed via the SPSS Software using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression. Results: The mean age of university students was 22.28&plusmn;3.69 years. The results also suggested that 98.3% of these university students were using virtual social networks. Moreover, the findings of the regression analysis indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were predictors of intention to use social networks and attitudes had the highest predictive power for the intention to use social networks (&beta;=0.38). Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis demonstrated that behavioral intention, attitudes, and subjective norms among the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior could predict the behavior to use virtual space. Conclusion: Given the high level of social networking utilization, the necessity of planinig and doing of interventions should be noted to manage it. It is also required to induce and educate the correct attitude about the use of network and how to take advantage of&nbsp; it&nbsp

The Relationship between the Intensity of Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms and Marital Satisfaction among the Couples of Kerman City

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome as a periodic event that social adjustment and interpersonal relationships can be difficult. Regarding the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and the harmful effect of severity of symptoms on marital satisfaction, The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and marital satisfaction among couples in Kerman city in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study that randomized 240 young couples who referred to health centers in Kerman were selected in the second 6 months of 2016. The instrument used a standard questionnaire screening premenstrual symptoms, a standard questionnaire Index Of Marital Satisfaction for the satisfaction of couples. The investigators have assured that all information obtained will remain confidential Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation coefficient and frequency distribution tables. Results: The mean age of men and women respectively was equal to 35.5 ± 8.2 to 32.4 ± 7.6 . The mean and standard deviation of marital satisfaction score of women and men were (114.97 ± 23.27) and (125.25  ± 26.17 ) respectively There was a significant relationship between the satisfaction of men and women in relation to premenstrual syndrome (p=0/001).Pearson correlation showed an inverse relationship between the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and couples' satisfaction. (r=-0.138 , P=0.002).. Conclusion: With increasing severity of premenstrual syndrome in women, marital satisfaction decreases among couples.. so it is recommendate that women and men receive the necessary knowledge about to control the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Keywords: Marital Relationship, couples، premenstrual syndrom

Evaluation of the referral system in Iran’s rural family physician program; a study of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences

Background and objective: Referral systems are relatively easy in terms of design, but implementing them is extremely difficult. Considering the three levels of primary healthcare, access of people to specialized services through a referral system is possible. With regard to the importance of a referral system in a family physician program, this study was performed to assess the function of the referral system in the family physician program in Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the first half of 2014. The sample size included 700 patients selected using multistage sampling. Firstly 30% of health centers were randomly selected as a cluster. Then, the patients were randomly selected from each cluster. The study data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 2 parts - demographic variables and the rules of the referral system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi Square, and Logistic Regression. Results: From 700 patients who received the level 2 services, 69% of cases were female and 31% were male. One hundred eighty-two cases (26%) had referral form from health house. Only 56.4% of persons referred to the centers because of diagnosis of the family physician. For 34% of cases, the specialists wrote the results of their evaluation in feedback form. Four hundred sixty-three patients did not return to their family physician because of lack of knowledge. Conclusion: The referral situation to level 2, in the present study was poor. Ease of access to specialized services level 2, and educational intervention for healthcare staff and familiarizing people with the objectives of the family physician program and referral system are recommended