Factors associated with breakfast consumption based on Social Cognitive Theory in primary school students in Marivan City, 2017

Background and Aims: Social cognitive theory is one of the most effective theories used to predict the behavior of breakfast consumption and the teaching of nutritional behaviors. Considering the importance of breakfast consumption in the physical, psychological and social health of students, this study was conducted to determine the factors associated with breakfast consumption based on social cognitive theory in students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 299 male and female elementary students in Marivan city were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data gathering tools included demographic and background questionnaire, as well as a valid and reliable questionnaire based on social cognitive theory about breakfast consumption. Data were analysed by SPSS software version 16 exploiting Chi-square and t-test.  All stages of the study were conducted according to moral standards.Results: Overall, 81.6% (n=244) of students showed a good pattern of breakfast consumption. The results of t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between expected outcome, outcome evaluation, self-efficacy and self-regulation constructs among students with appropriate and inappropriate breakfast consumption pattern (P<0.001).Conclusion: Considering the existence of a significant relationship between the constructs of social cognitive theory and breakfast consumption in studied students, the constructs of this theory can be used to predict the factors influencing breakfast consumption in students and will be effective in promoting supportive breakfast consumption programs.Keywords: Breakfast consumption, Social Cognitive Theory, Students, Mariva

عوامل مرتبط با مصرف صبحانه بر اساس نظریه شناختی اجتماعی در دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدایی شهر مریوان در سال 1396

Background and Aims: Social cognitive theory is one of the most effective theories used to predict the behavior of breakfast consumption and the teaching of nutritional behaviors. Considering the importance of breakfast consumption in the physical, psychological and social health of students, this study was conducted to determine the factors associated with breakfast consumption based on social cognitive theory in students.  Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 299 male and female elementary students in Marivan city were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data gathering tools included demographic and background questionnaire, as well as a valid and reliable questionnaire based on social cognitive theory about breakfast consumption. Data were analysed by SPSS software version 16 exploiting Chi-square and t-test.  All stages of the study were conducted according to moral standards. Results: Overall, 81.6% (n=244) of students showed a good pattern of breakfast consumption. The results of t-test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between expected outcome, outcome evaluation, self-efficacy and self-regulation constructs among students with appropriate and inappropriate breakfast consumption pattern (P<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the existence of a significant relationship between the constructs of social cognitive theory and breakfast consumption in studied students, the constructs of this theory can be used to predict the factors influencing breakfast consumption in students and will be effective in promoting supportive breakfast consumption programs.زمینه و اهداف: نظریه شناختی اجتماعی یکی از کارآمدترین نظریه­های مورد استفاده جهت پیش­گویی رفتار مصرف صبحانه و آموزش رفتارهای تغذیه­ای می­باشد. نظر به اهمیت مصرف صبحانه در سلامت جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي دانش­آموزان، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین عوامل مرتبط با مصرف صبحانه براساس نظریه شناختی اجتماعی در دانش­آموزان انجام گرفت.   مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی از نوع مقطعی بود. در این مطالعه، 360 نفر از دانش­آموزان پسر و دختر مقطع ابتدایی شهر مریوان با روش نمونه گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای، انتخاب و وارد مطالعه شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، شامل پرسشنامه‌های ویژگی‌های جمعیتی و زمینه‌ای و پرسشنامه روا و پایای موجود براساس نظریه شناختی اجتماعی درباره مصرف صبحانه بود. پس از جمع‌آوری، داده‌ها وارد نرم افزارSPSS  نسخه 16 شدند و با کمک آزمون‌های آماری کای دو و t-test، تحلیل شدند. تمامی مراحل مطالعه حاضر طبق موازین اخلاقی اجرا گردید.   یافته‌ها: 6/81 درصد (244 نفر) از دانش‌آموزان دارای الگوی مناسبی از مصرف صبحانه بودند. نتایج آزمون تی‌تست نشان داد که تفاوت آماری معنی‌دار بین سازه‌های پیامد انتظار، ارزشیابی پیامد، خودکارآمدی و خودتنظیمی بین دانش­آموزان با الگوی مناسب و نامناسب مصرف صبحانه، وجود داشت (001/0>P).   نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به وجود ارتباط معنی‌دار بین سازه‌های نظریه شناختی اجتماعی و مصرف صبحانه در دانش‌آموزان، سازه‌های این نظریه می‌تواند عوامل پیشگویی کننده مصرف صبحانه در دانش‌آموزان را بیازماید و برای ارتقای برنامه‌های حمایت کننده از مصرف صبحانه موثر واقع شود