THE RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-EFFICACY WITH TEHRAN CITY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT'S MOTIVATION AND TAKING PART IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

The present study has investigated the relationship of self-efficacy with Tehran city high school student's motivation and taking part in physical activities. The present study methodologically is divided in to 8 kind's hypothesis inductive research approaches, quantitative research strategy, the objectives of the research are descriptive and explaining, and in the end of method and data collection, library resources review and questionnaire. The statistical society of this research consists of all the students of Tehran education districts 14, 6, 3 in 2013 – 2014 academic years. To specify the sample volume Cochran formula was used. Based on this formula the minimum needed volume for this sample for such a research are 203 individuals. The research sample consisted in 400 of Tehran education students (boys and girls) that were selected via stratified cluster sampling method among girls and boys students. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. To analyses the research findings, Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variable regression model in %95 coefficient level were used. The result showed that in the research statistical sample, the subjects have evaluated self-efficacy characteristics higher than average, and evaluated important individuals subscales lower than average. And also specified that there isn’t significant relation between self-efficacy and physical activities and motivation to participate in sports, with %95 confidence level. And also calculated coefficient of determination showed that %2.56 of physical activities variance and %3.68 of motivation to participate in sports is specified via self-efficacy.   Article visualizations

Proposing an Appropriate Soil Water Content Estimation Technique for Iran

Limitation of water resources is one of the major factors in the agricultural development of Iran. In recent years. Iran suffers from increases water consumption and drought conditions, This is why efficient water management in agriculture production becomes an inevitable requirement. One of the main aspects of water management in agriculture production is operating any type of irrigation system efficiently. A good on-farm irrigation water management requires a routine monitoring of soil water content (SWC). Recently a substantial number of different experimental methods in categories of direct, indirect, ground based and remote sensing have been developed to determine the SWC, and a large body of knowledge is now available on theory and applications. The need for indirect ground-based automatic methods for obtaining water content or indices of water content is evident when the time and labor involved in direct sampling is considered. In view of Iran conditions, selecting the best soil water measurement technology for the optimal management of irrigation system is a challenge for managers and the decision makers. This research aims to (i) compile the available ground based SWC measurement methods and discuses along with their advantages and their limitations, (ii) propose a technique that will be most useful for Iran condition. Considering regional parameters of Iran, these researchers found tensiometers as a proper technique for good water management. This technique with lower price in addition with other advantages could be more effective in development of Iran Agricultural Mechanization

Time-dependent Seismic Performance Assessment of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Frames

In this study, effects of reinforcement corrosion such as reinforcement cross section reduction, steel yield strength and concrete compressive strength reduction on RC member capacity decrease are studied. Next, a two-dimensional reinforced concrete moment resistant frame is modeled to evaluate the effects of moderate and severe intensity corrosion on moment-curvature behavior of elements and structure seismic response under nonlinear analysis. Structure capacity curves in push-over analysis and failure curves resulted from IDA for both the structure without and with corrosion are obtained and the effects of reinforcement’s corrosion on the reinforced concrete frame seismic performance are determined through comparing the results. The results revealed that in terms of amount, place and type of corrosion in the reinforced concrete frame, value of the reduction resisting moment of elements is different. Furthermore, the outcomes of nonlinear analyses showed that the capacity of structure is reduced and its seismic performance level is changed as a result of corrosion

Personal, family and societal educational needs assessment of individuals with spinal cord injury in Iran

Objectives: To explore individuals’ perception of the personal, family and societal educational needs following a spinal cord injury. Methods: Sixty-one patients who sustained a traumatic SCI between March 2015 and June 2016 referred to Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center were included in a cross sectional study and completed an online survey containing open-and closed-ended questions, in Iran. Participants’ responses were analyzed i using a qualitative approach with a thematic analysis. Results: Following a thematic analysis of the patient’s perceived educational needs, 3 themes and 14 subthemes were identified. The 3 themes included personal, family, and societal educational perceived needs. Within personal educational needs, there were 7 subthemes which included personal independence and transportation, financial independence, life skills modification, knowledge about SCI, prevention of SCI complications, relationships and sexual function, and psychological adjustments. Among family educational needs, the 3 subthemes were caregiver skills and communication, first aid and emergency skills, and emotional and psychological support. For societal educational needs, the 4 subthemes described were social integration, interpersonal communication skills, SCI awareness and injury prevention, sympathize while avoiding pity. Conclusion: According to our findings, people with SCI have various needs that need to be addressed. Educational support should be a part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program and geared towards addressing the patients’ personal and family needs, while educating the community about SCI in order to allow for reintegration into society

Survey the Effect of Cooperative Learning on Confidence

ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the effect of cooperative learning on the confidence. This Study was a quasi-experimental research with control group and pre-test, post-test. The students of Middle schools in Bandar Abbas form the statistical society and the sample was made of 25 girls and 25 boys for test group and 25 girls and 25 boys for control group. The test group taught by cooperative learning method in 12 sessions but the control group was being taught traditionally. To gather information Eyzenk confidence questionnaire used. Data analyzed using Covariance analysis. The results showed that cooperative learning method increases the confidence in the girls test group. But cooperative learning method does not increase the confidence in the boys test group significantly. Therefore, cooperative learning increases the confidence in girls more than boys

Relationship between antioxidant capacity and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of papain-generated protein hydrolysates and peptides from palm kernel cake proteins

Palm kernel cake (PKC) proteins were hydrolysed in the presence of seven proteolytic enzymes. The antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of each protein hydrolysate were evaluated. Papain-generated protein hydrolysate showed the highest antioxidant effects measured by radical scavenging activity (65%), iron (Fe)(II)-chelating activity (65%), and antihypertensive activity (71%). The results revealed a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of the protein hydrolysates with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (R2 = 0.69 - 0.98), except for trypsin-generated hydrolysate (R2= 0.22). The most potent protein hydrolysate was fractionated and profiled using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and isoelectric focusing; peptides were subsequently isolated and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. The individual peptides were evaluated for antihypertension potential. A positive correlation was identified between radical scavenging activity and Fe(II)-chelating activity together and ACE inhibitory activity with R2 = 0.69 - 0.98. The findings indicate that there was a positive relationship between the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides from PKC proteins

Substructure Development and Deformation Twinning Stimulation through Regulating the Processing Path during Multi-Axial Forging of Twinning Induced Plasticity Steel

Multi‐axial forging (MAF) at room temperature is employed to investigate the effects of deformation processing path and the amount of imposed strain on the deformation mechanisms of a twinning‐induced plasticity (TWIP) steel. The results indicate that the twin frequency is decreased by applying the 2nd compression (∑ɛ = 0.8), however, an unexpected increase is realized at the end of first MAF pass (∑ɛ = 1.2). This is attributed to the change in strain path and orientation dependence of deformation twinning. The latter is phenomenal considering the previous researches reporting the suppression of twinning at the early stage of deformation (ɛ < 0.4). The same sequence is followed during the second pass of MAF process. Interestingly, the progressive and continues substructure development along with dynamic Hall–Petch effect results from deformation twinning leads to an appreciable grain refinement. The latter is accompanied by the sharp drop of hardening rate in corresponding flow curves. The microtexture analysis indicates the strengthened texture of the 1 pass‐processed specimens which is weaken at the end of 2 pass due to the recrystallization and increasing the number of texture component. The current work also explores the room temperature mechanical properties of the multi axial forged workpiece through elaborating the miniaturized tensile testing method

Purification and characterization of nitric oxide inhibitory peptides from Actinopyga lecanora through enzymatic hydrolysis

Actinopyga lecanora, commonly known as sea cucumber, is a rich protein source. This marine protein source was hydrolyzed using six proteases to generate anti-inflammatory hydrolysates and bioactive peptides. Bromelain hydrolysates after 1 h hydrolysis exhibited the highest nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity reflecting anti-inflammatory activity. A sequence of two fractionation methods was employed to fractionate the peptides based on their hydrophobicity using a semi-preparative RP-HPLC and isoelectric points using isoelectric focusing technique. Based on these fractionation methods, basic peptides with relatively higher hydrophobicity provided higher NO-inhibitory activity than did acidic peptides. Furthermore, using Q-TOF mass spectrometry; 12 peptide sequences were successfully identified. The inhibitory effect of the purified peptides from A. lecanora on NO production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The three identified bioactive peptides, namely LREMLSTMCTARGA, AVGPAGPRG and VAPAWGPWPKG, exhibited the highest NO-inhibitory activity with values of 76.3, 66.6 and 69.9%, respectively. These results revealed that A. lecanora could be used as an economical protein source for the production of high-value bioactive peptides with potent anti-inflammatory activity using RAW 264.7 cell lines as model. These peptides may be useful ingredients in food and pharmaceutical applications

Antigenic and immunogenic evaluation of Helicobacter pylori FlaA epitopes

Objective(s): Helicobacter pyloriare among most common human pathogens affecting at least half of the world’s population. Mobility is one of the important primary factors in bacterial colonization and invasion. The purpose of this research is cloning, expression, and purification of FlaA protein specific epitopes in order to evaluate their antigenicity and immunogenicity. Materials and Methods: The antigenic region of the flaA gene was bioinformatically predicted using Epitope mapping software’s and the predicted epitopes were expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector. The antigen was injected into the animal model (mice BALB/c) and some indicators including IgG1, IgG2a, IgA, IFN-γ, and IL 5 were measured. Results: The immunogenicity studies in animal models by measuring serum antibodies (IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA) and cytokines (IFN-γ and IL5) revealed that the rFlaA induces a proper immune response in animal models. Conclusion: The recombinant FlaA protein is antigenic and immunogenic. Therefore, it might be used in order to design of specific diagnostic kits and recombinant vaccines against H. pylori