2,023 research outputs found
Strong surface contribution to the Nonlinear Meissner Effect
We demonstrate that in a d-wave superconductor the bulk nonlinear Meissner
effect is dominated by a surface effect due to Andreev bound states at low
temperatures. The contribution of this surface effect to the nonlinear response
coefficient follows a 1/T^3 law with opposite sign compared to the bulk 1/T
behavior. The cross-over from bulk dominated behavior to surface dominated
behavior occurs at a temperature of T/T_c ~ 1/sqrt(kappa). We present an
approximate analytical calculation, which supports our numerical calculations
and provides a qualitative understanding of the effect. The effect can be
probed by intermodulation distortion experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Experimental Study of Low-Speed Cavity Flow Using Steady Jets
Open cavity ሺܮ/ܦ = 4ሻ was examined at low speed
ሺܷஶ = 26 ݉/ݏሻ. The baseline flow showed a typical open cavity
flow. It was also found that a region of relatively high velocity
fluctuations (indicated by RMS values) extends along the cavity
separated shear layer from the mid of the cavity to the cavity’s
trailing edge. Steady jets at an outlet velocity of 1.8 m/s was
forced through a narrow slot at the leading edge. The jets
modified the profile shape of the averaged ܷ velocity for the
shear layer at the close proximity of the leading edge. However,
the jet increased the fluctuation in the separated shear layer
Long-range interactions between an atom in its ground S state and an open-shell linear molecule
Theory of long-range interactions between an atom in its ground S state and a
linear molecule in a degenerate state with a non-zero projection of the
electronic orbital angular momentum is presented. It is shown how the
long-range coefficients can be related to the first and second-order molecular
properties. The expressions for the long-range coefficients are written in
terms of all components of the static and dynamic multipole polarizability
tensor, including the nonadiagonal terms connecting states with the opposite
projection of the electronic orbital angular momentum. It is also shown that
for the interactions of molecules in excited states that are connected to the
ground state by multipolar transition moments additional terms in the
long-range induction energy appear. All these theoretical developments are
illustrated with the numerical results for systems of interest for the
sympathetic cooling experiments: interactions of the ground state Rb(S)
atom with CO(), OH(), NH(), and CH() and of the
ground state Li(S) atom with CH().Comment: 30 pages, 3 figure
Compressible vortex loops: effect of nozzle geometry
Vortex loops are fundamental building blocks of supersonic free jets. Isolating them allows for an easier study and better understanding of such flows. The present study looks at the behaviour of compressible vortex loops of different shapes, generated due to the diffraction of a shock wave from a shock tube with different exit nozzle geometries. These include a 15 mm diameter circular nozzle, two elliptical nozzles with minor to major axis ratios of 0.4 and 0.6, a 30 × 30 mm square nozzle, and finally two exotic nozzles resembling a pair of lips with minor to major axis ratios of 0.2 and 0.5. The experiments were performed for diaphragm pressure ratios of P4/P1=4, 8, and 12, with P4 and P1 being the pressures within the high pressure and low pressure compartments of the shock tube, respectively. High-speed schlieren photography as well as PIV measurements of both stream-wise and head-on flows have been conducted
Detonation driven shock wave interactions with perforated plates
The study of detonations and their interactions is vital for the understanding of the high-speed flow physics involved and the ultimate goal of controlling their detrimental effects. However, producing safe and repeatable detonations within the laboratory can be quite challenging, leading to the use of computational studies which ultimately require experimental data for their validation. The objective of this study is to examine the induced flow field from the interaction of a shock front and accompanying products of combustion, produced from the detonation taking place within a non-electrical tube lined with explosive material, with porous plates with varying porosities, 0.7–9.7%. State of the art high-speed schlieren photography alongside high-resolution pressure measurements is used to visualise the induced flow field and examine the attenuation effects which occur at different porosities. The detonation tube is placed at different distances from the plates' surface, 0–30 mm, and the pressure at the rear of the plate is recorded and compared. The results indicate that depending on the level of porosity and the Mach number of the precursor shock front secondary reflected and transmitted shock waves are formed through the coalescence of compression waves. With reduced porosity, the plates act almost as a solid surface, therefore the shock propagates faster along its surface
Application of pressure-sensitive paints to unsteady and high-speed flows
The Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique allows the global pressure mapping of surfaces under aerodynamic conditions. The present study involves the application of Tris- Bathophenanthroline Ruthenium Perchlorate based PSP, developed in-house, to two different cases; a) the flow through a sonic nozzle, and b) the examination of the effect of dimples on glancing shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions at transonic speeds
Overlapping Resonances Interference-induced Transparency: The Photoexcitation Spectrum of Pyrazine
The phenomenon of "overlapping resonances interference-induced transparency"
(ORIT) is introduced and studied in detail for the
photoexcitation of cold pyrazine (CHN). In ORIT a molecule becomes
transparent at specific wavelengths due to interferences between envelopes of
spectral lines displaying overlapping resonances. An example is the
internal conversion in pyrazine where destructive
interference between overlapping resonances causes the light
absorption to disappear at certain wavelengths. ORIT may be of practical
importance in multi-component mixtures where it would allow for the selective
excitation of some molecules in preference to others. Interference induced
cross section enhancement is also shown.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Control of Cavity-Induced Drag Using Steady Jets
Separated shear layer oscillations in open cavities can
induce drag, noise and vibration. This issue has many
aerospace applications such as Landing gears and control
surfaces [1]. Recently, phase-cancellation [1] and offinstability
frequency excitation [2] & [3] approaches have
been incorporated in different open-loop and feedback control
systems. Despite the high control performance of these
systems, further enhancement is still possible.
In this study, steady jets, as shown in fig. 1, are forced
through 2mm, two-dimensional slots at the leading and trailing
edges of the cavity. In order to study the performance of this
novel approach, different cases will be examined, including:
jet combination (blowing from cavity leading edge, suction
from cavity leading edge and blowing-suction), jet angle
(parallel or deflected jet) and jet-to-free stream velocity
factor /.
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