A survey on the effects of the exchange rate changes and financial flexibility on the usage of financial leverage in accepted companies of Tehran stock exchange

In the present study we try to examine the exchange rate changes and financial flexibility as the economic stable indexes on the financial leverage use in the companies so the main issue in this study is to define the financial leverage relation with exchange rate changes and financial flexibility. That is why 88 companies of the companies listed in Tehran stock exchange in 2005–2011. The study type is descriptive–correlative and the multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the data. The findings from the hypotheses test state there is a significant relation between financial leverage and financial flexibility while there isn't relationbetween financial leverage and exchange rate changes

Odontogenic cysts: A 40- year retrospective clinicopathological study in an Iranian population

We present a 40-year retrospective study of 1189 patients with odontogenic cysts (OCs) that were diagnosed from 1971 to 2011 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran. In contrast to most of previous studies that have been reported inflammatory OCs as the most common type, in the current study, among cystic lesions of the jaws most were developmental in origin (62.30%). The most commonly diagnosed inflammatory and developmental odontogenic cysts were the periapical cyst (30.45%) and dentigerous cyst (26.80%) respectively. Developmental cysts were happened more in males whereas inflammatory types showed more tendency to females. The patients’ mean age was 27.20 ± 15.93 years, with a peak of occurrence in the second decade of life followed by the third decade. A high posterior mandibular incidence (41.85%) was observed, whereas some previous reports showed anterior maxilla predilection. The most common histological types of developmental cysts were aggressive (Dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and calcifying odontogenic cyst). Furthermore, these three varieties representing more than half of all studied cysts (59.30%) at our Service. Knowledge of the incidence of odontogenic cysts and their clinicopatho­logic features, including most common location, gender and age distribution in different ethno-geographic backgrounds is necessary for the accurate diagnosis and differentiating aggressive lesions from other kinds of cysts

A 38- Year Demographic Study of Central and Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas of the Gaws

Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the demographic characteristics of patients with central peripheral giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) / (PGCGs) an Iranian population.Methods: In this 38-year retrospective study, the data were obtained from records of 1019 patients with CGCG and PGCG of the jaws referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran between 1972 and 2010. Information regarding age distribution, gender, location of the lesion and clinical signs and symptoms was documented.Results: A total of 1019 patients were affected by giant cell granuloma lesions (GCGLs) including 435 CGCGs and 584 PGCGs. The mean age was 28.91 ± 18.16. PGCGs and CGCGs had a peak of occurrence in the first and second decade of life respectively. A female predominance was shown in CGCG cases (57.70%), whereas PGCGs were more frequent in males (50.85%). Five hundred and ninety eight cases of all giant cell lesions (58.7 %) occurred in the mandible. Posterior mandible was the most frequent site for both Lesions. The second most common site for PGCG was posterior maxilla (21%), whereas anterior mandible was involved in CGCG (19.45%). The majority of patients were asymptomatic. Patient's age, location (mandible/maxilla) and bleeding were the influential variables on the type of the lesion.Conclusion: Although the CGCGs share some histopathologic similarities with PGCGs, differences in demographic features may be observed in different populations

Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS)

Introduction: Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most important causes of the orofacial pain. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate 40 related variables in this regard. Materials and Methods: Thirty nine patients with MPDS were evaluated in this study. Different factors including age, gender, occupation, marital status, sensitivity of masticatory muscles, maximum opening of the mouth, deviation, deflection, involvement of temporomandibular joint, habit, parafunction, malocclusion, neck pain, headache, earache and history of jaw involvement, etc were analyzed in this  evaluation. Results: In our study, 39 patients (32 females and 7 males), 20-40 years old, with the average age of 35 ± 13.32 years were studied. 51% were housewives and 74.4% were married. The most common involvements were Clicking (74.4%), pain in temporomandibular joint (54%), headache (46.2%), earache (41%), neck-pain (35.9%), trouble in the mouth opening (71.8%), malocclusion Class I (74.4%), cross bite and deep bite (25%), clenching (64.1%) and involvement of masseter and lateral pterygoid muscle (84%). Conclusion: Since MPDS consists of variable symptoms, it might be very difficult to provide any definite diagnosis and treatment. Therefore the more the specialists extend their knowledge and information about this disorder, the more they will make the best decision in this regard

Ancient schwannoma of oral cavity: A case report

Introduction: Ancient schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma that rarely occurs in the oral cavity. Histologically it can be confused with a malignant mesenchymal tumor. Therefore it is important to differentiate them from each other. Case report: The patient was a 40 – year – old male with the complaint of a painless gradual swelling in the left side of the mandibular lingual gingiva for about 5 years. No sign of bone resorption was found in periapical radiographs. After the excision of lesion, histopathologic examination showed proliferation of Schwann cells, degenerative changes including nuclear atypia, hyalinization and myxoid areas and calcification. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong positive staining for S-100 protein. All these features were consistent with diagnosis of ancient schwannoma

Oral Schwannoma: A Systematic Review of the Case Reports

Schwannomas are benign neoplasms with unknown etiology, which apparently arise from neural sheath Schwann cells. Intraoral schwannomas are solitary, slow-growing lesions occurring at different ages; these lesions are normally asymptomatic and in some cases, they are accompanied by pain and paresthesia if spotted in the intraosseous regions of the mandibles. Definitive diagnosis of schwannoma is established through histopathological examination and immunohistochemical evaluation, and the first-line treatment involves the surgical excision of the tumor with preservation of neighboring structures. Anti-S100 protein is the most significant antibody used to identify schwannomas. Schwannomas are known to have good prognosis, and if the lesion is completely removed, there is a low risk of recurrence. This systematic review aimed to determine the most significant variables influencing intraoral schwannoma and evaluate effective methods for the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors