Comparative study of the chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils of fresh and dry seeds from Myoporum insulare R. Br

Essential oils of fresh and dry fruits from Myoporum insulare R. Br. were analyzed by GC and GC–MS. A total of twenty eight components were identified in essential oil of fresh fruits with γ-irone (14.4%), bicyclogermacrene (13.9%) and α-cadinol (13.2%) as main constituents. Twenty seven compounds were characterized in the oil of dry seeds with elemicin (20.1%), spathulenol (16.8%), α-cadinol (16.8%) and T-cadinol (14.2%) as main compounds. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic activities of essential oils of fresh and dry fruits from M. insulare. Dry seeds oil exhibited the highest activity of DPPH (IC50= 54.0 ± 1.3 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 =68.0 ± 2.0 μg/mL), catalase (504.0.28 ± 0.655 u/mg protein) and paraoxonase (77.51 ± 0.47 μM/min/L). It’s also exerted the best cytotoxic effect against A549 cell line and an interesting anti-tyrosinase activity with 81% of inhibition at 100 μg/ mL. Essential oil of fresh fruits exhibited the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities against all tested organisms and fungi with IZ values 15.5–25.0 mm and 16–24.5 mm, respectively

Chemical composition and biological evaluation of the resin from Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.) Masters: A promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites

The identification of the volatile components of the resin from Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.) Masters and its non-polar fractions 1–5 obtained by chromatographic simplification was investigated by GC-FID and GC–MS and allowed the identification of 97.3% (resin), 95.1% (1), 97.6% (2), 99.6% (3), 88.1% (4) and 95.0% (5) of the total volatile components. The resin and its fractions were characterized by the presence of a high amount of diterpenes (87.4, 80.1, 91.0, 91.6, 65.7 and 69.1%, respectively). The major identified diterpenes were trans-ferruginol (resin: 31.6%, 1: 56.5% and 2: 48.0%), manool (3: 57.0% and 4: 42.0%) and trans-totarol (5: 36.2%). In addition, trans-communic acid was isolated together with its cis diastereoisomer from the fraction 6 of the resin and identified by spectroscopic means (1D and 2D NMR) and by comparison with literature data. The resin, its fractions 1–5, trans-communic acid and cis-trans mixture were screened for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, reducing power, catalase and paraoxonase methods, as well as for their antibacterial, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase and cytotoxic potentials. The fraction 2 displayed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50= 25 ± 1 μg/mL and 64.1 ± 0.5 μM/min/L) in DPPH and paraoxonase assays, respectively. Trans-communic acid was found to be antibacterial against Staphylococus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (IZ = 23.9 ± 1.5 and 20.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively). Furthermore, the resin showed the best anti-tyrosinase activity with 87.2% of inhibition at 50 μg/mL and cis-trans mixture exerted a significant cytotoxic effect against HeLa cell line (IC50= 09.5 ± 1.0 μg/mL)

GC and GC-MS integrated analyses and in vitro antibacterial, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-5-lipoxygenase potential of Inula viscosa root fractionated essential oil

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of the roots essential oil from Inula viscosa (L.) through its fractionation during extraction, and to evaluate the antibacterial, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase and anti-5-lipoxygenase activities of the isolated oil (REO) and its fractions (R1–R10). The REO and its fractions (R1–R10) were isolated by hydrodistillation of the fresh roots in a Clevenger type apparatus. Fifty-three constituents were identified by GC-FID and GC–MS analyses. The REO was characterized by a high proportion of oxygenated monoterpenes (50.5%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (37.5%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (7.6%). The major constituents of the REO and all the fractions were (Z)-neryl isovalerate (17.5–29.8%), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (19.1–27.2%) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (5.9–17.7%). The antibacterial activity of REO and its fractions (R1–R10) was tested by using the micro dilution methods against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria. The REO and its fractions (R1–R10) showed a strong inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 20.0 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 20.0 μg/mL). Results showed that the fraction R8 exerted the highest anti-tyrosinase activity, with 88.4% of inhibition at 50 μg/mL, and R1 exhibited a significant 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory effect (IC50 = 21.15 ± 0.12 μg/mL)

Chemical composition and biological studies of the essential oil from aerial parts of beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) arcang. growing in Tunisia

The chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of Beta vulgaris subsp. Maritime (L.) Arcang. from Tunisia have been evaluated. The chemical composition of the oil (yield 0.037% (w/w)), determined by GC-FID and GC-MS is reported for the first time. Twenty five components, accounting for 98.1% of the total oil have been identified. The oil was characterized by a high proportion of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (39.2%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (30.3%) and one apocarotenoids (26.3%). The main compounds were γ-irone (26.3%), α-cadinol (12.1%), T-cadinol (10.6%), bicyclogermacrene (10.4%) and δ-cadinene (6.0%). The isolated oil was tested for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH(.) , ABTS(.+) , catalase and paraoxonase assays and also for its cytotoxic, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinaseactivities.The essential oil exhibited high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.055 ± 0.006 mg/mL)and important result oncatalase (524.447 ± 2.58 Units/mg protein). Furthermore, it exerted a significant cytotoxic effect against A549 cell line, with IC50 = 42.44 ± 1.40 μg/mL. The results indicate that the essential oil of B. vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang. aerial parts may be used in future as an alternative to synthetic antioxidant agents, with potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Chemical composition and bioactivities of essential oils from Pulicaria vulgaris subsp. dentata (Sm.) Batt. growing in Tunisia

The essential oils of the aerial parts and roots (APEO and REO) of Pulicaria vulgaris subsp. dentata (Sm.) Batt. were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-one compounds (97.2% of the total oil composition) were identified in the REO, with γ-irone (39.2%), 7-epi-silphiperfol-5-ene (19.3%), 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (8.5%) and γ-himachalene (8.0%) as main constituents. The APEO was rich in cis-β-guaiene (59.7%), together with eighteen other compounds, accounting for 93.2% of the total oil composition. Antiradical and enzymatic antioxidant properties of the isolated oils were also evaluated. The REO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, catalase and paraoxonase tests. Antimicrobial, cytotoxic and tyrosinase inhibiting properties of these essential oils have been also studied. APEO exhibited significant activity towards Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The REO showed the most significant cytotoxic effect against HeLa cell line and the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity

Phytochemical analysis, neuroprotective, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and catalase potentials of Opuntia microdasys var. rufida and Opuntia leptocaulis

A series of organic extracts obtained from spines, flowers, roots and fruits of two Tunisian species of Opuntia, O. microdasys var. rufida (OMR) and O. leptocaulis (OL) were investigated for their phytochemical composition as well as their neuroprotective, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and catalase activities. The anticholinesterase activity was assessed using butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as the plasma cholinesterase which revealed that all extracts were endowed of an excellent inhibitory efficacy against BChE. The neuroprotective effect of the prepared extracts was evaluated against ?-amyloid-induced toxicity on PC12 cell lines in vitro, the methanolic extract of OMR’s spines increased significantly cell viability against ?-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity and reached 80%. The MTT assay shows that a few extracts displayed obvious cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells, the strongest inhibition percentage was 62.42%. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts was evaluated by the catalase test, the results demonstrate that all the extracts were very potent and the values range from (112.32 µmol of H2O2 destroyed/min/mg protein) to (749.12 µmol of H2O2 destroyed/min/mg protein). However, the EtOAc extract of OMR’s flowers displaying the highest anti-BChE effect (IC50 = 0.04 ± 0,00 mg/ mL) was subjected to a column chromatography to afford five flavonol glycosides identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-?-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 ? 2)[?-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 ? 6)]-? galactopyranoside (1), quercetin-3-O-?-pyranogalactoside (hyperoside 2), isorhamnetin-3-O-?-galacto (1 ? 6)-?-rhamnoside (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-?-glucoside (4) and kaempferol-3-O-?-arabinoside (5). The docking of the isolated 1-5 compounds in the BuChE’s active site revealed their possible inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme. It has been found that the most favorable docking results were obtained with compound 3

Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fractionated Trunk Bark Essential Oil from Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast. Growing in Tunisia

The aim of the present research was to determine the chemical composition and the cytotoxic effects of Tetraclinis articulata trunk bark essential oil (HEE) obtained by steam distillation and five fractions obtained by normal phase silica chromatographic separation. Chemical analysis allowed the identification of 54 known compounds. Relatively high amounts of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.4-70.2%) were detected, mainly consisting of caryophyllene oxide (13.1-26.6%), carotol (9.2-21.2%),14-hydroxy-9-epi-(E)-caryophyllene (3.2-15.5%) and humulene epoxide II (2.6-7.2%). The cytotoxic activity against human mammary carcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal carcinoma cell lines (SW620) of the essential oil and its fractions were assessed. All the samples displayed moderate to weak activity compared to 5-fluorouracil. The colorectal carcinoma cell line was relatively more sensitive to the essential oil and its fractions compared to the breast cancer cell line, showing IC50 values from 25.7 to 96.5 mug/mL. In addition, the essential oil and its fraction E.2 revealed a cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma cell line, with IC50 values lower than 30 mug/mL. This is the first report on the chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the trunk bark essential oil of T. articulata

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Tribolium Castaneum of Thapsia garganica L. Seed Essential Oil

Due to the several side effects of synthetic pesticides, including environmental pollution, threats to human health, and the development of pest resistance to insecticides, the use of alternative healthy, available and efficient agents in pest management strategies is necessary. Recently, the use of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants has shown significant potential for insect pest management. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from seeds of Thapsia garganica L. was investigated for the first time for its chemical profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum adults. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of 18 organic volatiles representing 96.8 % of the total constituents. The main compounds were 1,4-dimethylazulene (51.3 %) followed by methyl palmitate (8.2 %), methyl linoleate (6.2 %) and costol (5.1 %). Concerning the repellent effect, results revealed that SEO (Seed Essential Oil) was very repellent towards T. castaneum adults, with 100 % repellency after 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited remarkable contact toxicity against T. castaneum (93.3 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 % (v/v). The median lethal dose (LD50) of the topical application of the seed essential oil was 4.4 %. These encouraging outcomes suggested that the essential oil from T. garganica seeds could be considered a potent natural alternative to residual persistent and toxic insecticides