Genetic relationship of the Chiapas sheep breed with some spanish breeds

In the Southeastern part of Mexico, there are ovines descendent from Spanish ovines that were introduced in XVI century. The objective was to characterize ovine populations from Chiapas and the genetic distances with some Spanish breeds. 27 widely used microsatellites in biodiversity studies were employed in this research work. Ovines from Canary Islands were the more genetically distant from Mexicans. An algorithm inferring such admixture of genotypes of the population was used (one of de ancestors belongs to a different population). The number of inferred populations (K) was from 2 to 7 and the total number of iterations was 800000. When K=3, breeds from Chiapas were grouped, Palmera in another group and Merino, Sopravissana and Canaria in the third group. With K= 4. The breeds from Chiapas were once more grouped in a cluster, Merino and Sopravissana in a second group, Palmera and Canaria, were two independent clusters. For K=5. The breeds from Chiapas were grouped, and independent groups for the rest of breeds. With K=6 Chamula and Café remained together and with K=7 the program assigned to the breeds Chiapas, Chamula and Café in different clusters, but a remarkable influence from Chamula into Café is appreciated. The Palmera was partially divided in two clusters, showing that could exist individuals genetically different inside this population. The Borrego Chiapas has a vast individuality and genetic diversity.En el sureste de México existen ovinos que descienden de los ovinos españoles introducidos en el siglo XVI. El objetivo fue caracterizar las poblaciones ovinas de Chiapas y analizar las distancias genéticas con algunas poblaciones ovinas españolas. Se emplearon 27 microsatélites ampliamente utilizados en estudios de biodiversidad. Las ovejas de las Islas Canarias fueron las más distantes genéticamente de las de México. Se utilizó un algoritmo que infiere una mezcla de los genotipos de la población, es decir, que alguno de los ancestros pertenece a otra población. El número de poblaciones inferidas (K) fue de 2 a 7 y el número total iteraciones fue de 800000. Cuando K=2 el programa asignó en un cluster las razas Palmera y Canaria y en el otro todas las demás. Cuando K=3 se agruparon las chiapanecas, la Palmera sola y la Merino, Sopravissana y Canaria. Con K=4 se agruparon las chiapanecas en un cluster, la Merino y Sopravissana en otro y la Palmera y Canaria independientes. Con el valor de K=5, las de Chiapas se agruparon en uno y las otras cada una independiente. Con K=6 se mantuvieron unidas Chamula y Café y con K=7 el programa asignó a las razas Chiapas, Chamula y a la Café en clusters independientes, aunque se percibe una fuerte influencia de la Chamula en la Café. La Palmera quedó parcialmente dividida ente dos clusters, indicando que puede haber individuos genéticamente diferentes dentro de esta población. El Borrego Chiapas posee una gran individualidad y diversidad genéticas

Performance of the \u3ci\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/i\u3e–\u3ci\u3eMegathyrsus maximus\u3c/i\u3e cv Mombasa System and Local Range Grazed by Pelibuey Ewe-Lambs

Mombasa grass and leucaena have shown an excellent agronomic performance grown in tropical semi-arid ranges, the objective of this study was to compare the agronomic performance of Leucaena-Mombasa grown as a silvopastoral system at two leucaena plant densities (10000 and 15000 plants ha-1) and of Pelibuey ewe-lambs grazing it against native unimproved tropical semi-arid range of the state of Morelos, México. Experimental design was a completely random with two replications. Unimproved native range was mainly deciduous shrubs and mixed herbaceous plants (Poaceae and Asteraceae). Stocking rate was the same across treatments and grazing lasted all rainy season. Of the agronomic variables determined, both Leucaena-Mombasa systems showed the same (p\u3e 0.05) forage on-offer total and expressed as herbage-allowance but 29 and 15% higher (p≤ 0.05) respectively than the unimproved native range. Leucaena-Mombasa at the highest leucaena density showed the highest harvest rate, 22 and 50% higher (p≤ 0.05) than the registered at the lower density and unimproved native range, respectively. Unimproved native range herbaceous layer showed 40% higher (p≤ 0.05) crude protein content than the layer at both Leucaena-Mombasa systems; tree fodder was only different (p\u3c 0.05) in in vitro dry matter digestibility, tree fodder from both Leucaena-Mombasa systems was 32% higher (p≤ 0.05) than that of unimproved native range. Ewe-lambs grazing any of the Leucaena-Mombasa systems showed a daily weight gain 1.5 times higher (p\u3c 0.05) than those grazing the unimproved native range. It was concluded that Leucaena-Mombasa system is an option to improve agronomic and animal performances compare to unimproved tropical native range

On-Offer and Residual Forage in a Massai-\u3cem\u3eLeucaena\u3c/em\u3e Pasture at Different Leucaena Density

Mexican livestock producers in tropical areas are increasingly interested on the establishment of silvopastoral systems based on Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) and different tropical grasses as the Massai grass (Panicum maximum cv Massai); among questions raised on this is the importance of Leucaena density in relation to forage available. Then the objective of the study was to determine total and by species on-offer and residual forage in a grazed MassaiLeucaena pasture with different Leucaena density

Inflammasome in als skeletal muscle: Nlrp3 as a potential biomarker

Since NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in several neurodegenerative disorders, we hypothesized that levels of inflammasome components could help in diagnosis or prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Gene and protein expression was assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear correlation of transcriptional expression levels with longevity throughout disease progression in mice models. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate MCC950 effects (NLRP3 inhibitor) on lifespan of SOD1G93A mice. The results showed significant alterations in NLRP3 inflammasome gene and protein levels in the skeletal muscle of SOD1G93A mice. Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed a positive association between Nlrp3 transcriptional levels in skeletal muscle and longevity of SOD1G93A mice (r = 0.506; p = 0.027). Accordingly, NLRP3 inactivation with MCC950 decreased the lifespan of mice. Furthermore, NLRP3 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the blood of ALS patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03). In conclusion, NLRP3 could be involved in skeletal muscle pathogenesis of ALS, either through inflammasome or independently, and may play a dual role during disease progression. NLRP3 gene expression levels could be used as a biomarker to improve diagnosis and prognosis in skeletal muscle from animal models and also to support diagnosis in clinical practice with the blood of ALS patients

Winter Forage Yield of Signal Grass (\u3cem\u3eBrachiaria brizantha \u3c/em\u3e(Hochst. Ex. A. Rich) R.D. Webster) at Different Cutting Frequency and N Fertilization

Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich) R.D. Webster) is widely grown in sub-humid tropical environments. In winter, shorter photoperiod and lower rainfall and temperatures reduce grass forage yield. Cutting frequency and N fertilization might reduce this negative effect (Whitehead, 1995; Pereira et al., 2014). The objective of the study was to determine winter forage yield total and by components of Signal grass under different cutting frequency and N fertilization

Competing endogenous rna networks as biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases

Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration of RNA metabolism is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of these complex disorders. Non-coding RNAs are the major contributor to the human transcriptome and are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they have been proposed to be involved in the onset and development of NDDs. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and pseudogenes) share a common functionality in their ability to regulate gene expression by modulating miRNAs in a phenomenon known as the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Moreover, ncRNAs are found in body fluids where their presence and concentration could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the ceRNA networks described in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, and discuss their potential as biomarkers of these NDDs. Although numerous studies have been carried out, further research is needed to validate these complex interactions between RNAs and the alterations in RNA editing that could provide specific ceRNET profiles for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way to a better understanding of these diseases