When Grades Are High but Self-Efficacy Is Low : Unpacking the Confidence Gap Between Girls and Boys in Mathematics

Girls have much lower mathematics self-efficacy than boys, a likely contributor to the under-representation of women in STEM. To help explain this gender confidence gap, we examined predictors of mathematics self-efficacy in a sample of 1,007 9th graders aged 13–18 years (54.2% girls). Participants completed a standardized math test, after which they rated three indices of mastery: an affective component (state self-esteem), a meta-cognitive component (self-enhancement), and their prior math grade. Despite having similar grades, girls reported lower mathematics self-efficacy and state self-esteem, and were less likely than boys to self-enhance in terms of performance. Multilevel multiple-group regression analyses showed that the affective mastery component explained girls’ self-efficacy while cognitive self-enhancement explained boys’. Yet, a chi-square test showed that both constructs were equally relevant in the prediction of girls’ and boys’ self-efficacy. Measures of interpersonal sources of self-efficacy were not predictive of self-efficacy after taking the other dimensions into account. Results suggest that boys are advantaged in their development of mathematics self-efficacy beliefs, partly due to more positive feelings and more cognitive self-enhancement following test situations. © Copyright © 2020 Zander, Höhne, Harms, Pfost and Hornsey

The Grizzly, March 29, 2012

Airband Benefits Crime Victims Center • Blues Writer Sharon Bridgforth Reads Work • Gilmore Visits Berman Art Museum • UC Recyclemania Holds Green Day Carnival • Alabama Civil Rights Trip was Living History for Students • Rosati Embraces Opportunity at Frederick Living • Greek Week in Progress, Helps to Unite UC Sororities and Fraternities • Opinion: Trayvon Martin Case is a Wake-Up Call • Ursinus Celebrates St. Patrick\u27s Weekend • Player Spotlight: Amanda Laurito, Track and Field • Rugby Continues Building Tradition • Senior Spotlight: Jeff Ocampo, Men\u27s Lacrossehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1856/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 12, 2012

Fong Inauguration Approaching • UCDC Mixing Up Spring Routine • Housing Lottery Anxiety Addressed • Cuts for a Cause on Campus This Weekend • Ursinus Alumni Return to Work at Alma Mater • UC Students Travel to National Model UN Competition in NYC • Hart Interns at Great Wall Club in Beijing, China • Opinion: Saying No is Man\u27s Responsibility, Too; Delphi was a Positive Experience Despite Criticism • Men\u27s Lacrosse Battles #18 Gettysburg • Seniors Wrapping up Athletic Careershttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1858/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 13, 2011

UCARE Draws More Blood, Donors • Ursinus is Talking About Author Speaks on Novel • Annual Security and Fire Safety Report Released • Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations Rise, Confuse Administration • Berman Exhibit Honors Muhlenberg Family • Ursinus GSA Provides Genuine Acceptance for All • UC\u27s Dr. Clouser Lectures on Birds\u27 Habitats • Renaissance Band Takes Students Back in Time • Opinion: New Law in Alabama Intrudes on Citizens; Tips to Avoiding the Feared Freshman 15 • UC Water Polo Stresses Fun Over Seriousness • Men\u27s Soccer Gears Up for the Stretch Run • UC Rugby Making Bigger Commitmenthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1843/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, April 19, 2012

Berman Director Announces Departure • Lantern Celebrates 81 Years • McGown to Join Math Department • Professors Host Facebook Discussion in New Hall • Ursinus Students Promote Autism Awareness • Passion for Historical Reenactments • Hon. Richard Murphy Addressed Campus • Meerbergen Co-Leads Therapy Sessions in Pottstown • Opinion: Obama Will Need Help Come November; New York City Isn\u27t All It\u27s Cracked Up to Be • Class of 2012 Athletes Leave Holes to Fill • Field Hockey: Heading to Hollandhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1859/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, March 22, 2012

Ursinus Remembers Sam Morgan • Senior Gift Drive Seeking Support • Professional Women Advise UC Students • AmeriCorps Reps Visit • SIFE\u27s Green Team Teaches Children to Recycle • Ursinus Mock Trial Team Competes for First Time • Rutkowski Interns in McGladrey\u27s RAS Department • UC Bonner Leaders Visit Jamaica for Service Trip • Opinion: College Meme Pages Aren\u27t a Waste; New Bruce Springsteen Lives Up to Expectations • Softball Prepped for Successful Season • March Provides Viewers Maddening Options • Gymnastics Heading to Nationalshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1855/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 23, 2012

Dates for Charity Event Breaks Record • Student Curates New Berman Exhibition • MajorPalooza Highlights Options • Grenade Found on, Removed From Campus • Judge Scirica Speaks to Ursinus • Emery Finds Internship at Career Services Fair • Two Artist Talks • Sankofa Umoja Nia Revitalized • Opinion: How to be Both a Woman and Funny; Controversial YouTube Video Causes Laughter, Reaction • Swimming Sets New Standards at Championships • Men\u27s Basketball Sets Off Triad of Seniors • Women\u27s Track Poised for Championship Runhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1853/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern, 2012-2013

• How They Run • What Was Said in Boston • On the Last Day of the Month • An Angel Tries to Surprise Humans • I Wonder if God Modeled Boys After Books • Marred with Modern Scars • Feather Bed • Ode to a Pen • Objet Petit A • Breaking News: Grownups Fear Return of Disco • Neuroscience • New Document • We Were Stars, and the Sky was Our Grass • About a Man • Trojan • An Ode • Yr Body Sour • That Lake in Jamaica • Live While Chiefs are Still Fighting • Lament for Mathematics • The Robert Frost House • People Fell in Love on Me • Sunday Review • Looks Silly in Tiny Desk Chairs • Two Years Later • Better Than Nothing • Istanbul • Packs of Cigarettes • Sonnet • Outside King of Steaks • Obstinance • Coffee Grinds • Autumn Equinox • Homecoming • Oh, San Francisco • Slide: A Beginning • Slowly Last Summer • Of Dogs and Men • Letters Not Sent • Before the Race • The Little Things • Tarpon Springs • Payment for Rebellion • Wednesday • When is President\u27s Day? • Heartless Parallels and Perpendiculars • Railway • Presto Agitato • Easier Said Than Done • Waves • Four White Women • Rope • Alter Ego Self Portrait • Pebbles • Coney Island • Guanjuanto • Growth • Evolve • Winter Blackout • Honeybee • Frames • Wanderlust • Guiding Light 1 • Frick\u27s Lock • The Ones That Never Leave • In Memoriam: Rachel Blunthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1179/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern, 2013-2014

• Strikes • Pietro di Venezia • To the Lover of Small Things • Jim\u27s Big Day • Akademiks • Redamancy • A Love Poem for Arctia Caja • Mother River • The Lyrics to Your Song • Nerves • Gemini Season • White Interface • The Last Time I Played with Dolls • The Mechanic • My Goldfish • Put Down Your Hammer • Strip • Hollywood • Identity • The Grey Zone • Sophia • When I Became a Poet • Unbroken • The Veteran Aeronaut • I Have Running Water but They had the Stars • Not A Nigga • Mother, Adam, Eve • From Fragile Seeds: A Palindrome • Conspiring, The Spires • Finally Working Out What Goes Where (God, For Example, is in His Kingdom) • Identity Crisis • Affection • Patience • An Enchanting Lost Cause • False Starts • Soggy Rice, Lukewarm Water • The Glow • Heat • 9-14 • Filigree • Diane Arbus • Touched • Dying Alive • Just Another Drunkard on the Train • Dinner • The French Legionnaire • Conspiracy and Theory • 1249am • Colored Pencils • Sea Glass • Roundtrip • The Muse Heard Music • Lacrimosa • The Allegory of the Maze • The Stars on Stuart Road • To Isabella • For Want of a Potato Chip • Termite Nests • Saving a Rose • Today and Yesterday • A Foggy New York • Cat; Wurtzburg • Embrace • Faces • Geisha • Pacis Leo • Patterns • Te-Whanganui-a-Tara (The Dock)https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1180/thumbnail.jp