Diagnostic techniques for inflammatory eye disease: past, present and future: a review

Investigations used to aid diagnosis and prognosticate outcomes in ocular inflammatory disorders are based on techniques that have evolved over the last two centuries have dramatically evolved with the advances in molecular biological and imaging technology. Our improved understanding of basic biological processes of infective drives of innate immunity bridging the engagement of adaptive immunity have formed techniques to tailor and develop assays, and deliver targeted treatment options. Diagnostic techniques are paramount to distinguish infective from non-infective intraocular inflammatory disease, particularly in atypical cases. The advances have enabled our ability to multiplex assay small amount of specimen quantities of intraocular samples including aqueous, vitreous or small tissue samples. Nevertheless to achieve diagnosis, techniques often require a range of assays from traditional hypersensitivity reactions and microbe specific immunoglobulin analysis to modern molecular techniques and cytokine analysis. Such approaches capitalise on the advantages of each technique, thereby improving the sensitivity and specificity of diagnoses. This review article highlights the development of laboratory diagnostic techniques for intraocular inflammatory disorders now readily available to assist in accurate identification of infective agents and appropriation of appropriate therapies as well as formulating patient stratification alongside clinical diagnoses into disease groups for clinical trials

My first contacts with scientific problems

Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie początków refleksji naukoznawczej historyka nauki profesora Stefana Zameckiego. Opracowanie ma charakter autobiograficzny i nawiązuje do wcześniejszych opracowań Autora. W tekście przeprowadzona została analiza głównych problemów badawczych rozprawy doktorskiej Stefana Zameckiego. Zatrzymano się nad rozumieniem wyrażenia „szkoła lwowsko-warszawska”. Uwzględniono najważniejsze etapy procesu dojrzewania i krystalizowania się koncepcji naukoznawstwa u Autora opracowania.The aim of the article is to outline the beginnings of scientific reflection by the historian of science, Professor Stefan Zamecki. The study is autobiographical and refers to the author’s earlier studies. The text analyzes the main research problems of Stefan Zamecki’s doctoral dissertation. The expression “The Lwów-Warsaw School” was stopped. The most important stages of the maturation and crystallization of the concept of science in the author of the study were taken into account

Case Report: Severe Visual Loss Associated with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) in Pregnancy

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An optical study of dislocation-induced anisotropy in alkali halide single crystals

A series of investigations was carried out on four KCl single crystals and LiF single crystal to determine how the observed optical anisotropy of the samples was related to the magnetic anisotropy of alkali halide crystals detected by other experimenters. [Superscript 1,2,4,5] The birefringent crystals were subjected to a variety of tests, including magnetization and X-irradiation treatments, and the behavior of the anisotropy noted. Optical studies were made with the sample between crossed Nicol prisms using a sensitive photomultiplier detector. A majority of the optical-anisotropy-producing defects were linked with the direction in the KCl crystal samples, in agreement with the direction of the defects that produced the magnetic anisotropy. Results of this investigation showed that the dislocations were responsible for the optical anisotropy, but that electrons along the dislocation lines, which are thought to be responsible for the magnetic anisotropy, did not contribute to the birefringence

An optical study of dislocation-induced anisotropy in alkali halide single crystals

A series of investigations was carried out on four KCl single crystals and LiF single crystal to determine how the observed optical anisotropy of the samples was related to the magnetic anisotropy of alkali halide crystals detected by other experimenters. [Superscript 1,2,4,5] The birefringent crystals were subjected to a variety of tests, including magnetization and X-irradiation treatments, and the behavior of the anisotropy noted. Optical studies were made with the sample between crossed Nicol prisms using a sensitive photomultiplier detector. A majority of the optical-anisotropy-producing defects were linked with the direction in the KCl crystal samples, in agreement with the direction of the defects that produced the magnetic anisotropy. Results of this investigation showed that the dislocations were responsible for the optical anisotropy, but that electrons along the dislocation lines, which are thought to be responsible for the magnetic anisotropy, did not contribute to the birefringence