The molecular investigation of celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder resulting in nutrient malabsorption now thought to have a prevalence of 1:100 in the Iranian population.Symptoms of CD are included diarrhea, abdominal pain, steatorrhea, bloating, cramps, flatulence, weight loss, weakness and short stature. In addition to presenting symptoms, patients are also at increased risk of metabolic bone disease, lymphoma (enteropathy-associated with T-cell) and other malignancies in different parts of the body such as gastric, esophageal, bladder, breast and brain. There appears to be a strong genetic component to this disease. In this short review we provided the historical, clinical and genetic aspects of this disease and highlight numerous findings from recent molecular immunology studies.

Light at Night Exposure Effects Differentiation and Cell Cycle in Rat Liver with Autonomic Nervous System Denervation

Introduction: Exposure to the artificial light at night (LAN) effect human health and causes several functional modification in body. Obesity, diabetes, and hormonal changes are reported after LAN in humans. Aim of this study is highlighting critical features of gene expression changes in liver of rats which are received autonomic nervous system.Methods: Liver gene expression profiles of 5 male Wistar rats that were received a sympathetic plus parasympathetic hepatic denervation and 1 hour expose light at night (LAN) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) are compared with controls. The significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis STRING database (an application of Cytoscape software). CuleGO and CleuDedia the two applications of Cytoscape software were used for more analysis. Results: Among 250 DEGs, 173 genes characterized genes with fold change more than 2 plus 100 added relevant genes were included in the PPI network. Analysis of the main connected component (MCC) led to introduce 15 hubs and 15 bottlenecks. CCT2, COPS7A, KAT2A, and ERCC1were determined as hub-bottlenecks. Among hubs and bottlenecks, DHX15, KAT2A, CCT2, HSP90AB1, CCNE1, DHX16, LSM2, WEE1, CWC27, BAZ1B, RAB22A, DNM2, and DHX30 were linked to the each other’s by various kinds of actions. CCT2 and KAT2A, the two hub-bottlenecks are included in the interacted genes in the action map. Four classes of biological terms including negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly, negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation, alpha-tubulin acetylation, and histamine-induced gastric acid secration were identified as the critical involved biochemical pathways and biological processes.Conclusion: Several essential functions as like differentiation, cell cycle, ribosome assembly, and splicing are affected by LAN in rat liver with autonomic nervous system denervation.

Water Quality Assessment of Garmarood River Using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), River Pollution Index (RPI) and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI)

Rivers are recognized as the most important water supply resources in various sectors, including agriculture water, drinking water, and industrial water. Over recent years, however, urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage have mostly been discharged into rivers. Taking into account that rivers have a limited capacity for toleration of pollutants, river water quality assessment is indispensable. In the present study, three water quality indicators namely the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), River Pollution Index (RPI), and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) were used to assess the quality of Garmarood River water.  Sampling was performed at 3 stations along the river during summer and winter of 2019. A variety of parameters namely DO, temperature, BOD, fecal coliform, turbidity, TSS, pH, NH3-N, and phosphate were measured to calculate NSFWQI and RPI indices. The parameters used to measure WAWQI, included TS, NO3-, chloride, total hardness, SO42-, Mg, turbidity, pH, and Ca. The results obtained from analysis of the above-mentioned parameters showed that the value of NSFWQI, RPI, and WAWQI indices fall within the 50.66-75.6, 2.25-5.5 and 48.33-55.92 ranges. The results obtained from all 3 indices are indicative of relatively high quality of water at station 1 and poor quality of water at stations 2 and 3

The Evaluation of Laser Application in Surgery: A Review Article

There are several types of surgeries which use lasers in the operating room. Surgeons use lasers in general surgery or surgical specialties to cut, coagulate, and remove tissue. In modern medicine, the application of laser therapy is an attractive subject due to its minimal invasive effect. Today lasers are widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases such as various cancers, lithotripsy, ophthalmology, as well as dermatology and beauty procedures. Depending on the type of lasers, the wavelength and the delivery system, most lasers have replaced conventional surgical instruments for better wound healing results. Over time, by using many different tools and devices, new lasers have been created; as a result, they are used in a wide range of medical special cases. In this review, laser applications in surgery and its beneficial effects compared to previous surgeries with the aim of providing appropriate therapeutic and non-invasive solutions with minimal side effects after surgery are investigated

COVID-19 in pregnancy: A cross-sectional study on clinical features, disease severity, and health outcome

Assessing the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reveals unique challenges for pregnant women, who experience distinct clinical manifestations and health outcomes compared to their non-pregnant counterparts. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features, disease severity, and health outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women and compare them to those of non pregnant women. In this population-based study, we included all women diagnosed with COVID-19 across the province of Tehran during the first two years of the epidemic. Descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, and the logistic regression model were applied. Overall, 79,338 non-pregnant women and 3249 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. Pregnant women were most commonly in the age group of 25 – 34 years (54%, n = 1758), while the age group of 34–44 had the highest representation among non-pregnant women (56%, n = 44,492). After accounting for age and comorbidities, pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of requiring intensive care (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, confidence interval [CI] 1.223 – 1.564). However, the probability of dying due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was lower in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (OR 0.55, CI 0.394–0.793). Cough (41%) and fever (30%) were the most frequent clinical presentations in pregnant women, whereas cough (57%) and muscle ache (38%) were the most common symptoms in non-pregnant women. Furthermore, diarrhea (P < 0.001) and skin lesions (P < 0.001) were reported more frequently by pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients. A significant prevalence of diabetes (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), cancers (P < 0.001), and chronic hematological diseases (P < 0.001) was observed in pregnant patients. In conclusion, COVID-19-infected pregnant women exhibit different clinical manifestations and a more severe clinical course but have better health outcomes compared to their non-pregnant counterparts