Effect of microstructure on properties of MgB 2 synthesized by SHS method

Abstract MgB 2 samples were obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Microstructure, phase and chemical analysis of the samples were studied by XRD and cross-sectional TEM-SAD. MgB 2 samples contained very small uniformly distributed MgO particles. Temperature dependence of the upper critical field and of the critical current densities were determined from ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. Normal metallic state was characterised by measurements of valence band structure by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). We concluded that MgB 2 is a hard II type superconductor and that SHS method is suitable to fabricate material with strong pinning centers of MgO

Does Childhood Executive Function Predict Adolescent Functional Outcomes in Girls with ADHD?

We prospectively followed an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of preadolescent girls with ADHD (n = 140) and matched comparison girls (n = 88) over a period of 5 years, from middle childhood through early/mid-adolescence. Our aim was to examine the ability of measures of childhood executive function (EF) to predict functional outcomes in adolescence. Measures of neuropsychological functioning comprised the childhood predictors, with academic, social, and global functioning serving as adolescent criterion measures. Results indicated that childhood EF predicted (a) academic achievement and social functioning across our entire sample (independent of diagnostic group status) and (b) global functioning only in girls with ADHD (independent of IQ). These results highlight the non-specificity of EF deficits and suggest the importance of assessing and developing interventions that target EF impairments, particularly in those at high-risk for negative outcomes, in order to prevent long-term difficulties across a range of important functional domains

Electronic States of Collosal Magnetoresistive Manganites La0.67Pb0.33Mn1−xFexO3La_{0.67}Pb_{0.33}Mn_{1-x}Fe_{x}O_{3} from Photoemission Spectroscopy

The electron photoemission spectra of valence bands and core-level states of manganese perovskite $La_{0.67}Pb_{0.33}(Mn_{1-x}Fe_{x})O_{3}$ with x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.15 were measured by the X-ray and Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) below and above the metal-insulator transition. From analysis of the Mn 2p core-level spectra the ratio $Mn^{3+}//Mn^{4+}$ was calculated as a function of the iron content. Comparison of the valence band spectrum with band structure calculations and with the high-resolution spectra measured at synchrotron radiation for Ca-, Ba- and Ce- substituted manganites revealed the strong hybridisation of Mn 3d and of O 2p states between -3 eV and -7 eV, and no estimated oxygen states between 0 eV and -2 eV where the Mn-3d states play a predominant role. The composition dependent insulating energy gaps were measured at room temperature. Reasons for the behaviour were discussed taking into account previous analysis of XPS/UPS spectra of other manganese perovskites

Numerical model for phase transformations occurring in multi-phase steel

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki prac wykonanych w ramach projektu badawczo rozwojowego nr N R07 0008 04 (nr IMŻ PR 0015) pt.: "Opracowanie podstaw przemysłowych technologii kształtowania struktury i właściwości wyrobów z metali i stopów z wykorzystaniem metod symulacji fizycznej i numerycznej", których celem było opracowanie numerycznego modelu przemian fazowych zachodzących w stali konstrukcyjnej wielofazowej. Opracowanie modelu poprzedziły badania dylatometryczne, których wyniki stanowiły podstawę obliczeń numerycznych. Opracowano modele numeryczne dla stali konstrukcyjnej wielofazowej nie poddawanej odkształceniu, a także odkształconej przy różnych temperaturach, tj. gwarantujących pełną rekrystalizację struktury odkształconego austenitu jak i jej powstrzymanie przed rozpoczęciem chłodzenia. Do identyfikacji parametrów modelu numerycznego wykorzystano metodę obliczeń odwrotnych.The paper presents results of research undertaken to develop the numerical model of phase transformations occurring in multi-phase (CP) steel. Dilatometric measurements were carried out prior to numerical model development. Numerical models were developed both for non-deformed and deformed at different temperatures multi-phase steel. Deformation of the steel was carried out above and below recrystallization temperature of austenite prior to cooling. The inverse method was applied for identification of numerical model parameters

Numerical and physical simulation in laboratory scale of microstructural changes in austenite during rolling of constructional multi-phase steel plate

Na przykładzie stali CP opisano proces budowy kompleksowego modelu matematycznego obejmującego reologię odkształcanego materiału oraz zmiany zachodzące w strukturze austenitu w procesach obróbki plastycznej. Opracowany model matematyczny uwzględnia zależność kinetyki zmian strukturalnych od wielkości początkowego ziarna austenitu, wartości odkształcenia zastępczego i prędkości odkształcenia oraz od temperatury i czasu. Dzięki temu możliwe jest jego implementowanie do programów numerycznych symulujących płynięcie plastyczne materiału i transport ciepła wykorzystujących metodę elementów skończonych. Model matematyczny rozwoju struktury opracowano w oparciu o analizę wyników badań przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem symulatora Gleeble 3800. Modele opracowane w badaniach implementowano w komputerowym systemie wspomagającym projektowanie i realizację półprzemysłowego walcowania na gorąco, zaś wyniki przeprowadzonych symulacji z wykorzystaniem tego systemu przedstawione zostaną w prezentacji Pietrzyka i Raucha [1]. W artykule przedstawiono również możliwości symulacji fizycznej procesu walcowania na gorąco blach z wykorzystaniem symulatora Gleeble 3800. Metoda ta pozwala bardzo efektywnie wyznaczyć parametry procesu walcowania dla uzyskania pożądanej struktury blach.The paper presents development of rheological and microstructural model for evolution of austenite in a multi - phase or Complex Phase (CP) steel subject to thermo-mechanical processing. The model accounts for the effect of prior austenite grain size, effective strain and strain rate, and also temperature and time on the kinetics of microstructural changes and phase transformations. This feature allows its implementation in the numerical models based on FEM for simulation of plastic flow and heat transfer. The microstructure evolution model was developed based upon plastometric tests conducted with Gleeble 3800 simulator. The developed models were implemented into hybrid expert system prepared by Pietrzyk and Rauch to be used for designing hot rolling technology for semi-industrial simulation [1]. The capability of physical simulation using simulator Gleeble 3800 to develop or optimize the parameters of the rolling was also demonstrated in the paper. The method allows the effective determination of the thermo-mechanical processing parameters to achieve the desired microstructure

Electronic Band Structure and Photoemission States of La2//3Pb1//3MnO3La_{2//3}Pb_{1//3}MnO_3

We present the theoretical study of electronic and magnetic properties in a manganese perovskite $La_{2//3}Pb_{1//3}MnO_3$. The calculations were carried out in frame of the first-principles density functional theory with the general gradient approximation using the WIEN 2K package. The P3c1 crystal structure was taken from the detailed X-ray diffraction data for the perovskite. The exact exchange energy was utilized for Mn d electrons. Density of states was determined by the modified tetrahedron method. As a result we get a valence band for the spin up and down density of states with the gap for the latter of 1.85 eV. We noticed that conduction band is mainly dominated by d spin up manganese electrons and $Mn (d_{xz}, d_{yz})$ states have twice larger contribution than $(d_{x^2 - y^2}, d_{xy})$. We attribute this to $Mn-O_6$ octahedral tilting. From the same reason $d_{3z^2 - r^2}$ state has no contribution to the density of states at the Fermi energy $(E_{F})$. Comparison of total density of states with the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements shows similar features especially as far as the lead spectral intensity from the 6s electrons at about - 10 eV is concerned. The calculated total magnetic moment per formula unit is 3.66 $μ_{B}$, the measured one 3.48 $μ_{B}$/f.u

Critical Currents of Bismuth 1G Tape

The critical currents of commercial bismuth based superconducting tape were determined in the two ways. In the first one the transport critical current density was measured by the four points method using the dc current power supply at the liquid nitrogen temperature. In the second one the critical current densities were obtained from the absorption part of ac susceptibility measurements using the Bean model near the critical temperature. The temperature dependence of the critical current densities was fitted to take advantage of the Ginzburg-Landau strong-coupling limit approach. Using the fit parameters the critical current density at 77 K was calculated. The critical temperature of this tape ($T_{c}$= 110.5 K) was determined from the ac susceptibility measurements

Resistance and AC Susceptibility of YBCO 1:2:3 Films on Silver Substrates

The $YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{δ}$ films were obtained directly on the polished silver substrates by the sedimentation process. Thickness of these films is of the order of several tens micrometers. The temperature dependences of the resistance and the AC susceptibility of the films were measured and analyzed. The critical temperatures of these specimens vary from 89 K to 91 K and they do not depend on the annealing temperatures. The critical currents were calculated from AC susceptibility measurements using the Bean's model

Study of Resistive Superconducting Transition of Bulk (Bi0.6Pb0.4)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox(Bi_{0.6}Pb_{0.4})_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_{3}O_{x}

The temperature widths of the resistive transition as well as the thermal fluctuations of bulk $(Bi_{0.6}Pb_{0.4})_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_{3}O_{x}$ superconductor with T_{c,50%} = 107.1 K were studied. The applied magnetic field widens the resistive transition according to the following formula: ΔT = $CH^{m} + ΔT_{0}$. The value of exponent m = 0.44 suggests that there is strong pining of vortices, especially at lower temperatures. The critical exponents λ of the conductivity were calculated using the following equation: Δσ = $Kε^{-λ}$, with the $λ_1$ = 1.75 close to the zero critical temperature and $λ_2$ = 3.77 at higher temperatures. These values were discussed within the available theoretical models