Hangulatzavarok krónikus vesebetegek körében: A depresszió jelentősége, etiológiája és prevalenciája = Mood disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease: Significance, etiology and prevalence of depression

A végstádiumú vesebetegségben szenvedő betegek növekvő száma és az ellátásukra fordított magas költségek miatt a betegség minden olyan aspektusa nagy figyelmet érdemel, amely jelentősen befolyásolja a betegek életminőségét, mortalitását és amelyek befolyásolása, kezelése a klinikai kimenetel javulását eredményezheti. Mára általánosan elfogadottá vált, hogy a szomatikus tényezők mellett számos pszichés és szociális faktor, köztük a depresszió is hatással lehet a krónikus betegségek klinikai kimenetelére. Bár a depresszió az egyik leggyakoribb pszichés probléma krónikus vesebetegek körében, mégis kevés a depresszió előfordulását, diagnosztikáját, kezelését vizsgáló, megfelelő diagnosztikus kritériumokat alkalmazó, jól strukturált, nagy betegszámú vizsgálat. A vesepótló kezelési lehetőségek az elmúlt évtizedekben igen sokat fejlődtek, de a krónikus vesebetegségben szenvedők mortalitása változatlanul rendkívül magas. Jelen közleményünkben áttekintjük a depresszió gyakoriságát és etiológiai tényezőit leíró irodalmat, továbbá kitérünk a depresszió, az életminőség és a mortalitás kapcsolatára. Összefoglalónk később megjelenő második részében írunk a depresszió diagnosztikus és terápiás sajátosságairól krónikus vesebetegek körében. | Due to the rapidly increasing number of end-stage renal disease patients and the high costs of their treatment, all the aspects of kidney disease that may significantly affect clinical outcome (quality of life mortality) deserve increasing attention. It has been established and accepted that in addition to clinical/somatic factors, also psycho-social factors, including depression, may have a significant impact on the clinical outcome of chronic diseases. Depression is considered to be one of the most prevalent mental health problems in patients with chronic kidney disease. In spite of this fact, there are only few studies on the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of depression in this population using accurate, well defined diagnostic criteria and appropriate epidemiologic methods. In the last decades we have experienced a significant improvement in the quality and effectiveness of the therapautic options for chronic kidney disease, but mortality is still very high in this population. Our review provides an overview of the literature regarding the prevalence and etiology of depression, and calls the attention to the interrelation among depression, quality of life and mortality. The second part of our paper to be published later will survey the specific diagnostic and therapeutic features of depression in chronic kidney disease patients

Green Corridors May Sustain Habitats for Earthworms in A Partially Converted Grassland

Permanent grasslands provide a healthy and undisturbed environment. We investigated how mulching altered the soil physicochemical parameters, earthworm abundance, biomass, species composition and vegetation cover compared to grassland and cultivated alfalfa field. Microplots (2 × 2 m) were mulched with either weed control fabric (WF) alone or WF combined with straw (WF + S) on a grassland to grow tomato in Ősagárd (Nógrád county, Hungary) between 2018 and 2021. We had two other microhabitats: a conventionally cultivated alfalfa field (CA) and grassland (GR). We measured soil parameters (physical: soil moisture content (SMC), soil penetration resistance (SPR); chemical: pH, soil organic matter; and biological: earthworm abundance, biomass, species composition and vegetation). SMC was significantly higher on covered plots (WF; WF + S) compared to CA and GR. SPR values were the highest in CA and GR at 20 cm depth. The abundance and biomass of earthworms were the highest in GR and lowest in CA in all seasons. Plant abundance was highly influenced by season and habitat. Despite the higher compaction and lower SMC figures, grass vegetation still provided a more suitable environment for earthworms than mulched plots (WF, WF + S). Therefore, where there is agricultural production on grassland, we suggest leaving uncultivated and uncovered patches as biodiversity corridors

A control strategy to investigate the relationship between specific productivity and high-mannose glycoforms in CHO cells

The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7380-4.The integration of physiological knowledge into process control strategies is a cornerstone for the improvement of biopharmaceutical cell culture technologies. The present contribution investigates the applicability of specific productivity as a physiological control parameter in a cell culture process producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) in CHO cells. In order to characterize cell physiology, the on-line oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was monitored and the time-resolved specific productivity was calculated as physiological parameters. This characterization enabled to identify the tight link between the deprivation of tyrosine and the decrease in cell respiration and in specific productivity. Subsequently, this link was used to control specific productivity by applying different feeding profiles. The maintenance of specific productivity at various levels enabled to identify a correlation between the rate of product formation and the relative abundance of high-mannose glycoforms. An increase in high mannose content was assumed to be the result of high specific productivity. Furthermore, the high mannose content as a function of cultivation pH and specific productivity was investigated in a design of experiment approach. This study demonstrated how physiological parameters could be used to understand interactions between process parameters, physiological parameters, and product quality attributes