Total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage in a 60-year-old woman diagnosed in an ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography : a case report and review of literature

Purpose: Total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage (TAPVD) is a congenital cardiac defect in which there is no connection between pulmonary veins and the left atrium. Pulmonary veins form a confluence independent of the left atrium and drain to a systemic vein. TAPVD types are: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. TAPVD accounts for approximately 1.5-2.2% of all congenital heart diseases. This anomaly is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period, and it coexists with atrial septal defect. Adult cases of TAPVD are rarely reported. Case report: We report a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with incidentally found, uncorrected TAPVD in ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography. In previous echocardiographic examinations partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial septal defect were diagnosed. Conclusions: ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography is a valuable diagnostic method for adults with congenital heart disease. It enables evaluation of coronary arteries and simultaneously provides detailed anatomy of great vessels

Parathyroid cancer — difficult diagnosis — a case report

Parathyroid cancer is a rare disorder of unclear etiology that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is most often diagnosed incidentally based on multi-organ non-specific symptoms of hypercalcemia as a consequence of parathyroid hormone oversecretion. We present a case of a male with primary hyperparathyroidism who was diagnosed with parathyroid cancer ectopically located in the mediastinum only after the third surgery. However, due to chronic hypercalcemia, problems with localization and a bad clinical condition, the patient was not able to undergo a radical resection and one year after the first pathological fracture died. Taking into consideration the whole clinical picture we want to emphasize the need to apply comprehensive differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia and localization diagnosis of parathyroid tissue with a use of MIBI scintigraphy accompanied by the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as the most specific diagnostic tools employed in this pathology.Parathyroid cancer is a rare disorder of unclear etiology that is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is most often diagnosed incidentally based on multi-organ non-specific symptoms of hypercalcemia as a consequence of parathyroid hormone oversecretion. We present a case of a male with primary hyperparathyroidism who was diagnosed with parathyroid cancer ectopically located in the mediastinum only after the third surgery. However, due to chronic hypercalcemia, problems with localization and a bad clinical condition, the patient was not able to undergo a radical resection and one year after the first pathological fracture died. Taking into consideration the whole clinical picture we want to emphasize the need to apply comprehensive differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia and localization diagnosis of parathyroid tissue with a use of MIBI scintigraphy accompanied by the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as the most specific diagnostic tools employed in this pathology

Branding narodowy jako narzędzie budowania pozytywnego wizerunku państwa na arenie międzynarodowej

An important standpoint in national branding discourse is to draw attention to the fact that the international public, as well as each individual member, has certain associations connected with the countries, its inhabitants and national products. Connotations received over the years, which are strongly related to the upbringing in social groups, give us the opportunity to establish order, hierarchy, categorization and thus easier understanding of the world. The subjective interpretation of the mentioned factors and many others defined by Simon Anholt as “one million of private convictions” create country image which can be managed by the implementation of nation branding strategy

Stereotypy narodowe jako narzędzie pomocne w kreowaniu wizerunku marki państwa? Badanie odbioru kampanii „Poland. Come and complain”

Effective process of creating the national brand should be related to the current image of the country, perceived by international public opinion – also through the prism of stereotypes existing in society. Wondering if the there is a possibility to make use of existing beliefs as a method to create brand of the country, the survey among viewes of “Poland. Come and Complain” advertisement was conducted. The study presented in this article, attempt to answer the question about the possible risks and benefits which may result from using stereotypes in the branding process. The outcome of research conducted among a group of international students indicate differences both in their opinions about Poland and Polish people and campaign reception, allow to draw a conclusions. These however may be useful in the process of national branding creation, especially for Eastern European countries which still face the problem of negative image.Эффективный процесс формирования национального брэнда требует от лиц, принимающих решения, ссылки на нынешний имидж государства, воспринимаемый международным общественным мнением, а также рассматривание этого вопроса через призму существующих в обществе стереотипов. Размышляя над возможностью использования существующих убеждений, как вспомогательного инструмента в создании образа государственно го бренда, было проведено исследование восприятия польской компании „Poland. Come and Complain”. Цель анализа, представленного в ниже пред-лагаемой статье, заключается в попытке найти ответ на вопрос, касающийся возможных рисков и пользы, связанных с оперированием стереотипами в процессе формирования государственного имеджа. Результаты подсчётов, проведённых в студенческих международных группах, показывающие различия, как в оценке кампании, так и в предыдущих отзывах относительно Польши и Поляков, позволяют сделать выводы. Это может быть полезно в процессе национального брендинга, в частности, для стран Восточной Европы, которые продолжают бороться с проблемой негативного имиджа