A methodological approach to developing the model of correlation between economic development and environmental efficiency on the basis of company's non-financial reports

Having reviewed the most widely used international non-financial reporting standards, GRI was identified as the optimal standard for the Russian context. The environmental component of the GRI G4 guidelines and the contribution of each aspect to the overall sustainability picture were analysed. Over time, the value of biological resources increases, and therefore, a company’s economic development cannot continue in isolation. To determine the degree of harmony between economic development and ecological condition of the territories involved, new approaches and methods are required. Based on statistical methods, a model of correlation between economic development and environmental efficiency was developed that uses non-financial reporting data. The model can be used by oil and gas companies, and its general principles — by other industries. The results may interest stakeholders and serve as a platform for forecasting and making administrative decisions aimed at achieving harmony between economic development and environmental efficiency. The model was tested on the largest oil and gas Russian company “Surgutneftegaz” data. A positive correlation was shown between the two systems of its sustainable development: economy and ecology. The results obtained demonstrate the company’s strong commitment to conservation. Further research may yield more profound results, contributing to broader sustainable development

Dynamics of Non-Invasive Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death after Myocardial Revascularization

Background: An attempt was made to study the effect of surgical myocardial revascularization on the processes of electrical myocardium instability underlying the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, as well as the possibility of its non-invasive assessment by studying heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT), as well as the duration and dispersion of the QT interval. Based only on the presence of viable myocardium, it is often impossible to predict the positive impact of revascularization on a patient’s prognosis, especially with reduced myocardial contractility. Moreover, given the well-studied relationship between myocardial remodeling and neurohormonal activation, non-invasive methods for assessing the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity can provide additional diagnostic information. Along with this, changes in these indicators and their prognostic role in patients with coronary artery disease after revascularization are subjects of discussion. Methods and Results: All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and biochemical blood test, transthoracic echocardiography, tissue Doppler echocardiography, ultrasound examination of brachiocephalic arteries, selective coronary angio- and ventriculography, as well as Holter monitoring. Results show that a year after the coronary intervention, there was a significant positive trend in the frequency and structure of ventricular arrhythmias (VA). HRV indicators generally did not show significant dynamics. Only an increase in the values of the SDANN and low-frequency power (LFP) indices was noted, indicating a gradual increase in the activity of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. HRT indicators also did not show significant dynamics. A significant increase was found in the number of patients with no signs of impaired HRT. The average duration of the QT interval decreased significantly. There was also a tendency to shorten the corrected QT interval; however, it was insignificant. In terms of dispersion, both the QT interval and its corrected index, no significant dynamics were recorded in the general group of patients. Conclusion: Our study found that in patients with prior myocardial infarction, after revascularization, significant positive dynamics were recorded in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but were unreliable for the indicators of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, such as HRV and HRT

ANTIARRHYTHMIC EFFICACY OF PROPAFENONE IN PATIENTS WITH PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Aim. To assess propafenone antiarrhythmic efficacy and optimal timing of the drug administration for relief of persistent atrial fibrillation (PAF). Material and methods. 24 patients (19 men, 5 women, aged 53,8±13,3) with PAF (duration is more than 7 days) were included in the study. PAF was confirmed clinically as well as by ECG and daily ECG monitoring. Indications for sinus rhythm recovery by propafenone were defined in according to the ACC/AHA/ESC recommendations (2006). 12-lead ECG was performed before the fist administration and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and some next days after propafenone therapy start. Echocardiography and thyroid hormone tests were also performed. Propafenone was administered additionally to standard treatment of the underlying disease and oral anticoagulants. The first dose of propafenone was 300 mg, after 4 hours patients received next dose of 300 mg if atrial fibrillation persisted and no side effects were observed, then doses of 300 mg were administered every 6-8 hours (but not more than 900-1200 mg per day) during 5 days. Maintenance propafenone dose of 450-600 mg daily was used in case of sinus rhythm recovery. Results. Sinus rhythm was restored in 41,6% of patients taking propafenone, and time of sinus rhythm recovery was 53,1±28,9 hours after therapy start. Propafenone antiarrhythmic efficacy in the loading dose (300 mg) was 4,2%. Propafenone efficacy during the first 24 hours (dose of 700±282,8 mg) was 12,5%. The maximum rate of sinus rhythm recovery was observed during the first 2-3 days of propafenone receiving (60% of all patients with rhythm recovery). Patients with unrecovered sinus rhythm had longer duration of PAF in comparison with this in effectively treated patients, 105,8±89,0 vs 39,7±38,9 days (p&lt;0,05), respectively, as well as the more prominent basal pulse deficit, 24,6±15,0 vs 13,56±5,7 beats per minute (p&lt;0,05), respectively. Cardiac and transient noncardiac side effects were registered in 8,6 and 4,3% of patients taking propafenone in dose of 900-1200 mg/day, respectively. Side effects did not require propafenone therapy cessation. Conclusion. Propafenone (900-1200 mg/day) antiarrhythmic efficacy in PAF was 41,6%. The probability of sinus rhythm recovery was maximal during the first 2-3 days. Ineffectively treated patients had longer duration of PAF last episode and more prominent basal pulse deficit in comparison with these in effectively treated patients. Transient side effects not requiring propafenone (900-1200 mg/day) withdrawal were observed in 12,6% of patients.</p

POSSIBLE PREDICTORS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE IN LONG-TERM PROPHYLACTIC PROPAFENONE THERAPY

Aim. To identify possible predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in 6-month prophylactic propafenone therapy. Material and methods. Patients (n=63; aged 52.2±12.6 years; 25.4% women) with frequent AF recurrences who restored sinus rhythm with propafenone, were included into the study. Paroxysmal AF was observed in 84.1% of patients, and persistent AF — in 15.9% of patients. ECG, transthoracic echocardiography , chest radiography with the calculation of cardio-thoracic index (CTI) was performed at baseline. All patients received rpropafenone therapy (450–600 mg/day) during 6 months after sinus rhythm conversion. ECG and 24-hours ECG monitoring were performed in 1, 3 and 6 months of the therapy. Patients with 70–100% reduction in AF recurrence rate were included into the 1-st group, and patients with &lt;70% reduction – into the 2-nd group. Results. 92%, 88.5% and 78% of patients were included into the group 1 after 1, 3 and 6 months of follow up, respectively. AF recurrences were observed 4.5, 3.8, and 1.7 times more often in women than these in men after 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively , (p&gt;0.05). Mean age of patients in the group 2 was significantly older than this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). CTI, left atrium size and volume, interventricular septum thickness (IVST) were significantly larger in group 2. Myocardium mass of the left ventricle (MMLV) after 6 months of therapy was larger by 13.9% in patients of the group 2 vs this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Insufficient preventive effect of propafenone was observed in 8%, 11.5% and 22% of patients in 1, 3 and 6 months of the follow-up, respectively. Propafenone prophylactic efficacy was slightly higher in men and younger patients. Patients with poor preventive effect of propafenone had a significantly larger baseline CTI, size and volume of the left atrium, IVST, and MMLV.</p

POSSIBLE PREDICTORS OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE IN LONG-TERM PROPHYLACTIC PROPAFENONE THERAPY

Aim. To identify possible predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in 6-month prophylactic propafenone therapy. Material and methods. Patients (n=63; aged 52.2±12.6 years; 25.4% women) with frequent AF recurrences who restored sinus rhythm with propafenone, were included into the study. Paroxysmal AF was observed in 84.1% of patients, and persistent AF — in 15.9% of patients. ECG, transthoracic echocardiography , chest radiography with the calculation of cardio-thoracic index (CTI) was performed at baseline. All patients received rpropafenone therapy (450–600 mg/day) during 6 months after sinus rhythm conversion. ECG and 24-hours ECG monitoring were performed in 1, 3 and 6 months of the therapy. Patients with 70–100% reduction in AF recurrence rate were included into the 1-st group, and patients with &lt;70% reduction – into the 2-nd group. Results. 92%, 88.5% and 78% of patients were included into the group 1 after 1, 3 and 6 months of follow up, respectively. AF recurrences were observed 4.5, 3.8, and 1.7 times more often in women than these in men after 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively , (p&gt;0.05). Mean age of patients in the group 2 was significantly older than this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). CTI, left atrium size and volume, interventricular septum thickness (IVST) were significantly larger in group 2. Myocardium mass of the left ventricle (MMLV) after 6 months of therapy was larger by 13.9% in patients of the group 2 vs this in patients of the group 1 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Insufficient preventive effect of propafenone was observed in 8%, 11.5% and 22% of patients in 1, 3 and 6 months of the follow-up, respectively. Propafenone prophylactic efficacy was slightly higher in men and younger patients. Patients with poor preventive effect of propafenone had a significantly larger baseline CTI, size and volume of the left atrium, IVST, and MMLV

Correlation model between economic development and environmental performance on the basis of non-financial reporting

The most common international standards for the non-financial reporting are reviewed. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is determined as an optimal standard of sustainability reporting for the use in the Russian conditions. The environmental component of guidance on the compilation of G4 non-financial reporting of GRI standard is analyzed, the contribution of each aspect in terms of the overall picture of sustainability is determined. The progress of economic science has outlined the importance of incorporating natural components. Moreover, the value of biological resources would be increased through time, and therefore, the economic development of the company cannot be in isolation. To determine the degree of harmony between the economic development and ecological condition of the territory where the company carries out the economic activities, the application of new approaches and methods is necessary. Based on the statistical methods, a correlation model between economic development and environmental performance is developed to identify their relationship on the basis of non-financial reporting. The developed model of correlation can be used by a wide range of oil and gas companies and its general principles by the companies of different industries. The results may be of interest to stakeholders, also, it can be used for administrative purposes, to serve as a platform for forecasting and adoption of administrative decisions to achieve harmony between economic development and environmental performance. The model of correlation has been tested for the data of non-financial reporting of the Russian largest oil and gas company JSC "Surgutneftegas". The testing has shown a positive relationship between the two systems of the company's sustainable development: economy and ecology. This obtained result demonstrates a high level of social responsibility of the company in terms of environmental protection. A further study in this field can produce more profound results that would help to achieve a wide sustainable development.Рассмотрены наиболее распространенные международные стандарты нефинансовой отчетности. Представлена модель корреляции, с помощью которой определяется степень гармонии между экономическим развитием и экологической результативностью компании. Проанализированы данные нефинансовой отчетности "Сургутнефтегаза"