Upaya Pencegahan Flu Burung Masyarakat di Kabupaten Tangerang

Avian Influenza is still a major health problem in Indonesia. In Tangerang district within the period of 2005-2008, 30 suspect cases were found, 18 confirmed. Sixteen (16) died because of this disease (case fatality rate = 87,5%). The objective of this research was to study prevention measures towards Avian Influenza within the community at Cikupa, Curug, Pasar Kemis and Sepatan sub-districts, Tangerang in 2009. A descriptive study was carried out towards community involving the households, teenagers; religious leader, community leader and poultry business as selected respondent. Information to collect consisted of knowledge about Avian Influenza, personal hygiene, food sanitation based on bird and environmental sanitation. Total of sample were 320 respondents from each sub-District. Data were taken from secondary data of Bangun Indonesia Foundation as research executor. This research found that more than a half of respondents (62.2%) have good knowledge about AI, (57.1%) about personal hygiene related to Avian Influenza, 61% about food sanitation based on bird were good enough (61%). In general environmental sanitation variables were somewhat good except for cage where 51% still bad. In the effort to prevent Avian Influenza in Cikupa, Curug, Pasar Kemis, and Sepatan communities, Tangerang District, 2009, one of variables were still poor (57.1%) that was sanitation of bird cages. Avian Influenza cases in Tangerang District is still high, due to non supportive people behavior and poor environment sanitation proven by poor sanitation of bird's nest. Low household income of Tangerang district's people, bringing about them to spend more on basic goods rather than Avian Influenza preventive action

Pesticide Exposure, Behavior of Farmer, and Activity of Cholinesterase Enzyme in Blood of Fertile Women Farmers

Fertile women farmers are risky of suffering decrease of cholinesterase activity due to pesticide exposure. This study aimed to analyze relation between pesticide exposure and the exposure agent to cholinesterase activity of fertile women workers at Kedunguter Village. This study used cross-sectional design on 94 fertile women farmers in 2015. Data was collected by observation, interview and cholinesterase test. Data analysis used chi-square test and analysis results showed a significant relation between pesticide types, working time, the use of gloves, hand-washing behavior to cholinesterase activity of fertile women farmers. Analysis results of this study showed that variable working time had the highest odds ratio (OR) score (OR = 14.072), so the variable working time is the most dominant variable in influencing cholinesterase enzyme. This study suggests that fertile women farmers should work not more than six hours per day

The Using of Spirulina Platensis as Supplement of Single-Celled Protein (SCP) to Mice

High protein in Spirulina platensis can be used as a source of  Single-Celled Protein. By using mice (Mus musculus) as a animal laboratory, the objective of this research is to know the influence of Biomass S. platensis to the increase of body weight of mice. The name of species is Mus musculus, strain is Swiss derivate.  Utilized mice were male, 30-50 weighing gram, and 5-7 weeks of age. Treatment group was given by palette and given by biomass of S. Platensis, while control also fed palette but did not give biomass of S. platensis. Yielded biomass was used as food mixed with palette with composition of dry biomass S. platensis with palette was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Data analysis was conducted by using t-tes and analysis of variance. The results showed that by giving of dry biomass of S. platensis  affected to the increasement of body weight from the first day until twelfth day of observation, and decrease on the thirteenth and fourteenth day. Pursuant to result of statistic, there is a significant difference (p < 0,05) between before giving and after giving of dry biomass S. platensis during 17 day. By giving dry biomass of S. platensis to mice (Mus musculus) at first and second week, it was found the difference of average mice body weight among six concentrations of biomass but did not at the third week. It means that not all concentration of biomass have same effect to the increase of mice body weight as a Single-Celled Protein.&nbsp

Intervensi Tabulin sebagai Upaya Persiapan Persalinan Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Bogor

Latar Belakang: Data dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2019, AKI di Kabupaten Bogor masih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan target RPJMN tahun 2015–2019 sebesar 306 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Cara yang efektif guna menurunkan AKI adalah dengan mendapatkan pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang terlatih dan juga penting diperhatikan terkait status gizi ibu, anemia pada kehamilan, serta keadaan tiga terlambat dan empat terlalu, yang merupakan beberapa determinan penting yang dapat mempengaruhi AKI.Tujuan: Meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil dan keluarga mengenai persiapan persalinan yang aman.Metode: Melakukan analisis situasi, prioritas masalah, pengembangan instrumen, dan survei determinan penyebab rendahnya persiapan persalinan ibu yang aman. Pelaksanaan intervensi dilakukan kepada masyarakat di Desa Sumur Batu dengan pemberian penyuluhan dengan media slide power point dan video edukasi. Kemudian dilakukan penilaian melalui post-test untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat setelah dilakukan intervensi.Hasil: Rendahnya persiapan persalinan yang aman di Desa Sumur Batu disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah minimnya pembiayaan persalinan dikarenakan kurangnya pendapatan dan akses fasilitas kesehatan. Setelah dilakukan kegiatan intervensi, diberikan penilaian melalui post-test untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat Desa Cipambuan.Simpulan: Berdasarkan penilaian melalui post-test kepada 5 ibu hamil setelah kegiatan intervensi, diperoleh peningkatan skor pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap pentingnya persiapan persalinan yang aman

Determinan Pemilihan Tempat Persalinan pada Ibu di Desa Sumur Batu Kecamatan Babakan Madang

Latar belakang: Cakupan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan di Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2017 berdasarkan laporan Puskesmas sebesar 112.477 (92,63%).  Akan tetapi jika dilihat persentase Ibu yang melahirkan ditolong oleh dukun/paraji dan tenaga lainnya sebesar 8.759 orang (7,21%). Hasil ini menunjukkan peran dukun bersalin/paraji di masyarakat masih begitu dominan di wilayah Kabupaten Bogor.Tujuan: Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, pemahaman, motivasi, dan kerjasama masyarakat khususnya ibu hamil dan keluarga mengenai persiapan persalinan yang aman dengan menggunakan Tabungan Ibu Bersalin (Tabulin) di RT 12 RW 04 Kampung Selaeurih. Sehingga cakupan masyarakat yang memilih bersalin di fasilitas layanan kesehatan dapat meningkat.Metode: Metodenya yang digunakan adalah analisis situasi dan menentukan prioritas masalah. Kemudian melakukan pengembangan instrumen dengan menggunakan kuesionerdan melakukan survey determinan. Intervensi dilakukan dengan pemberian materi dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat sasaran tentang program Tambulin.Hasil: Hasil dari kegiatan intervensi adalah peningkatan pengetahuan oleh masyarakat di wilayah Desa Sumur Batu tentang kehamilan dan terciptanya program TinabulinSimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil Pre & Post Test, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pada 5 ibu hamil sebagai peserta setelah dilakukan intervensi berupa sosialisasi tentang kehamilan, persalinan, dan nifas serta pembuatan program Tabulin

Household Medical Waste Management Strategy During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction; COVID-19 has an impact on various fields including the environment and waste management. Prevention of COVID-19 by using masks has another impact, namely the emergence of piles of household medical waste. Aim; to determine the management of household medical waste both in Indonesia and abroad. Method; a literature review of articles that discuss waste management in Indonesia and abroad. Result; management of medical waste at the household level in Indonesia has been regulated in Circular Letter Number SE.3/MENLHK/PSLB.3/3.2021 concerning Management of Hazardous Waste and Waste from Handling Coronavirus Disease-19. However, the implementation has not been maximized due to the lack of waste management facilities at the household level. Overseas medical waste management in some countries uses household-level segregation where medical waste is separated and processed using incinerators. Conclusion; the problems that arise are basically the same both in Indonesia and abroad are related to public awareness and unequal facilities. Recommendation; Household waste management facilities are expected to be improved along with the provision of education and knowledge to increase public awareness

Particulate Matter 10 and the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infectionsin Children in an Industrial Stone-carving Area in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Stone carving, which is a common craft industry throughout Allakuang village, has the potential to produce particulate matter 10 (PM10) during the cutting and grinding of stone. This can result in air pollution in the workplace, as well as in the homes of local residents. PM10 is a risk factor for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children. This study aimed to determine the association between exposure to dust PM10 inside homes and the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Allakuang village, Maritengngae subdistrict, Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Indonesia and consisted of 101 children. ARI cases were based on a doctor's diagnosis. The concentration of PM10 in the workplace was assessed usinga Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 monitor. Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression tests were conducted. The concentration of PM10 was significantly associated with the incidence of ARIs (2.6; 1.1-6.1). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that children living in homes with PM10 concentrations that exceeded accepted limits had a 3.5 times higher risk of ARIs after adjusting for smoking behavior of family members. The significant association between the PM10 concentration and incidence of ARIs in children found in this study points to the need to control stone dust in the stone carving craft industry to prevent indoor air pollution of homes close to the industrial area. Keywords: PM10, acute respiratory infection, children, craft stone carvin

The Determinant Factors of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Among Housewives in Allakuang Village, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) ranks first in the ten most frequent diseases occurring in Allakuang Village during the last five years. The physical conditions and the density of pollution inside houses are risk factors that cause ARI. Homemakers are particularly vulnerable to ARI because most of their time is spent inside their houses. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the incidence of ARI among homemakers, including the physical condition of the house (temperature, humidity, lighting, ventilation, ceiling condition, floor, walls, and the location of the kitchen), the pollutants inside the house (PM10, cooking fuel, tobacco smoke, and smoke mosquito coils), and the number of occupants. The sample used in this cross-sectionalstudy comprised 103 homemakers. The analysis was conducted using chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that several factors had significant correlations with ARI, such as PM10 concentration, the type of cooking fuel, and the use of mosquito coils. Furthermore, the results of the multivariate analysis showed that the most influential factor that caused ARI was the type ofcooking fuel. Homemakers who used firewood and kerosene as their cooking fuel were47times more at risk of suffering ARI compared with those who used gas fuel. Hence, people are recommended to reduce the use of cooking fuel that produces smoke, to the kitchen from the family room, and to eliminate the use of mosquito coils. Keywords: PM10, acute respiratory infections, cooking fuels, homemaker

Risk Factors for Increased Urinary Cadmium Levels Among A Rural Population Living Near A Dumpsite in the Deli Serdang District of Indonesia

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic mineral, which occurs naturally in the environment and as a result of agricultural and industrial activities. It is also a carcinogenic heavy metal. After exposure, Cd accumulates in the kidney and is excreted in urine. The urinary Cd level is considered a biomarker of long-term exposure to the mineral. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between urinary Cd levels and sociodemographic characteristics of a rural population living close to Namo Bintang dumpsite. This study used a cross-sectional design and consisted of 99 participants, which were selected using the stratified random sampling method according to the distance from their homes to the dumpsite area. Urinary Cd levels were measured at baseline using agraphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and normalized by urinary creatinine. Demographic data and exposure to Cd-related risk factors were obtained through a direct interview using a questionnaire. The urinary Cd level of all the participants exceeded guidelines (>5 µg/g creatinine) according to the biologicalexposure indices of The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The presence of a smoking habit was significantly associated with increased urinary Cd levels (p = 0.041). It can be concluded that the community living close to the dumpsite has been exposed to Cd, which was related to urinary Cd levels. Keywords: cadmium; urinary Cd; heavy metal; dumpsit